摘要
农业生产中的化学除草带来的环境和健康问题日益突出,农田杂草的生物防治对于农田生态系统保护以及人类健康和食品安全具有重要意义.樟树凋落叶分解对多种植物都表现出明显的化感抑制作用.为揭示樟树凋落物对农田杂草和土壤质量的影响,以樟树含油和脱油凋落叶粉为试材,采用室内模拟培养设计3%、6%、9%和12%的添加量,以不添加樟树凋落叶粉为对照,研究不同处理下杂草组成与生长以及土壤理化特征.结果表明:含油樟树凋落叶粉添加降低杂草多度和地上部总生物量,增加其根冠比,而脱油樟树凋落叶粉添加还降低了杂草的多样性.樟树凋落叶粉添加对杂草的影响具有明显的浓度效应,其中3%、6%、9%和12%的含油樟树凋落叶粉添加下杂草地上部总生物量为对照的12.44%、13.57%、2.04%和1.29%,而添加脱油樟树凋落叶粉时杂草地上部总生物量仅为对照的2.81%、2.04%、0.71%和0.65%.樟树凋落叶粉添加显著增加土壤pH、电导率和有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量,但是添加12%的含油凋落叶粉时土壤碱解氮略有降低,为对照的73.45%.樟树凋落叶粉添加显著提升碳、氮、磷循环相关酶活性,各酶活性均随含油凋落叶粉添加量增加而增加,而随脱油凋落叶粉添加量增加而减少,但是酸性磷酸酶和纤维素酶活性随着脱油凋落叶粉添加量增加而先增加后降低.脱油樟树凋落叶粉对农田土壤杂草种子库的抑制作用强于含油叶粉,而对土壤速效养分含量以及酶活性的提升作用则相反.本研究表明樟树凋落叶粉添加抑制农田土壤杂草种子库萌发,对土壤矿质养分供应和土壤碳、氮和磷循环相关酶活性有明显提升作用,这对于提高农田杂草的防控和生产力的提升具有重要意义.
Environmental and health problems caused by chemical weed control in agricultural production are becoming increasingly prominent.Biological control of weeds in farmlands is important for the protection of farmland ecosystems,human health,and food safety.The decomposition of Cinnamomum camphora leaf litter has an evident allelopathic inhibitory effect on several plants.This study aimed to provide a basis for the biological control of weeds in farmlands using the branches and leaves of C.camphora.Oil-bearing and deoiled C.camphora leaf powder were used as experimental materials,with simulated cultivation in a greenhouse.The effects of C.camphora leaf powder on weed seed bank germination,soil available nutrient content,and enzyme activity in farmland soil at concentrations of 3%,6%,9%,and 12%were investigated.The results showed that the addition of oil-bearing C.camphora leaf powder decreased the abundance and total shoot fresh weight of weeds and improved the root/shoot ratio.However,deoiled C.camphora leaf powder also decreased weed diversity.The addition of camphor leaf powder had an obvious concentration effect on the weeds.The total shoot fresh weights of weeds in the soil containing 3%,6%,9%,and 12%oil-bearing C.camphora leaf powder were 12.44%,13.57%,2.04%,and 1.29%of the control,respectively,and 2.81%,2.04%,0.71%and 0.65%of the control with deoiled C.camphora leaf powder.The addition of C.camphora leaf powder increased the soil pH,electrical conductivity,soil organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium;however,available nitrogen was slightly reduced in the soil containing 12%oil-bearing C.camphora leaf powder,reaching 73.45%of the control.The addition of C.camphora leaf powder significantly increased the activities of carbon-,nitrogen-,and phosphorus-related enzymes.The activity of each enzyme increased with an increase in the oil-bearing C.camphora leaf powder and decreased with an increase in the deoiled C.camphora leaf powder.However,the activities of acid phosphatase and cellulase first increased and then decreased with an increase in the deoiled C.camphora leaf powder.The inhibitory effect of deoiled C.camphora leaf powder on weed seed banks in farmland soil was stronger than that of oil-bearing leaf powder,whereas the promotional effect on soil available nutrient content and enzyme activity was the contrary.In conclusion,the addition of C.camphora leaf powder inhibited the germination of weed seed banks in farmland soil;significantly enhanced soil mineral nutrient supply and soil carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus cycle-related enzyme activity;and is of important for improving the prevention and control of field weeds and productivity.
作者
吴照祥
刘巧丽
陈彩慧
肖亮
钟永达
WU Zhaoxiang;LIU Qiao;HEN Caihui;XIAO Liang;ZHONG Yongda(Institute of Biological Resources,Jiangxi Academy of Sciences,Nanchang 330096,China;Jiangxi ProvincialKey Laboratoryof Improved Variety Breeding and Efficient Utilization of Native Tree Species,Nanchang 330096,China)
出处
《应用与环境生物学报》
北大核心
2025年第6期990-999,共10页
Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32160397)
江西省科学院省级财政科研项目经费包干制试点示范项目(2022YSBG50008,2023YSBG22003)资助。
关键词
樟树
凋落物分解
农田土壤
矿质养分
土壤酶
Cinnamomum camphora
litter decomposition
farmland soil
mineral nutrient
soil enzyme
