摘要
人工智能正在改变大国竞争模式、重塑国际力量对比、颠覆既有国际秩序,这引起了美日两国的高度关注。尽管美日两国较早意识到了人工智能合作的重要性,但直到拜登政府时期,双方才在机制建设、技术研发、规则制定和产学研合作上取得较大进展。美日人工智能合作的展开,既源于两国在军事、经济和全球治理层面的共同利益,也基于它们应对所谓“中国威胁”的需要,更是由人工智能的技术性质所决定的。由于美日两国存有技术资源鸿沟、威胁感知差异以及全球治理目标差距,其人工智能合作也存在局限。美日人工智能合作虽然符合两国战略利益,但其负面影响不可忽视。两国合作冲击了人工智能全球治理体系,扩大了“数字鸿沟”,并加剧了地区紧张局势与大国战略竞争。未来,美日两国将在技术研发、产学研交流等领域持续合作,但特朗普政府“交易主义”的外交政策与石破茂政府对战略自主的追求,或将使双方矛盾进一步显现。
Artificial intelligence(AI)is reconfiguring the paradigm of great-power competition,reshaping the international balance of power,and subverting the established global order,which has attracted significant attention from the United States and Japan.Although the U.S.and Japan recognized the importance of AI cooperation early on,it was not until the Biden administration that substantial progress was made in mechanism building,technology research and development,rule-setting,and industry-academia-research collaboration.The advancement of U.S.-Japan AI cooperation stems not only from their shared interests in military,economy,and global governance,but also from their need to counter the so-called“China threat,”and is further driven by the inherent technological nature of AI.However,limitations exist in U.S.-Japan AI cooperation due to their technological resource gap,divergent threat perceptions,and different global governance objectives.While such cooperation aligns with the strategic interests of both nations,its negative impacts cannot be overlooked.It undermines the global AI governance framework,widens the“digital divide”,and exacerbates regional tensions as well as strategic competition among great powers.Moving forward,the two countries will continue their cooperation in technology research and development,industry-academia-research exchanges and other fields.Nevertheless,the Trump administrations“transactional”foreign policy and the Ishiba Shigeru administration's pursuit of strategic autonomy may further expose underlying contradictions between the two sides.
作者
高宏宇
徐万胜
GAO Hongyu;XU Wansheng
出处
《世界经济与政治论坛》
北大核心
2025年第4期107-130,174,共25页
Forum of World Economics & Politics
基金
国家社会科学基金研究专项(24VHQ019)的阶段性成果。
