摘要
法律及其他规范性文件中的“参照”“参照适用”“可以适用”“可以参照”等规范词,所导出的规范类型是准用性规范。准用性规范是法律及其他规范性文件针对法律未尽事项这种例外情形的一种补救措施,故其适用的场景是法律意义空缺或者法律意义冲突;此外,还需要存在可替代的规范。准用性规范是法律及规范性文件的制定者对其执行者的一种授权行为,故其适用的基本前提是法律等规范性文件制定者的授权。这种授权,依不同视角可以做不同的分类。准用性规范在其来源上,出自规范制定者的类推预设;在其实践中,执行者每每借助类推的方法来实现。这种规范与法律等规范性文件中通过“依照”“按照”“根据”等介词(规范词)导出的命令性规范明显不同,前者是指导性的,后者是指令性的。由于选择是“参照”这个词的应有之义,因此,准用性规范反对存在明显逻辑悖论的“应当参照”。在授权内容上,准用性规范授权执行者以自由裁量权。
Normative terms such as"reference""applicable reference""can be applied"and"can be referenced"in legal and other normative documents represent a category of norms guided by applicable norms.Applicable norms serve as a legal remedy for exceptions not covered by law,making them pertinent to situations involving legal meaning vacuums or conflicts.Additionally,alternative norms must exist.Applicable norms constitute an authorization act by the creators of laws and other normative documents towards their executors;thus,the fundamental premise of their application is the explicit authorization granted by these creators.Such empowerment can be categorized differently depending on various perspectives.Regarding its origin,applicable norms stem from the analogical presuppositions made by the norm creators.In practice,executors often employ analogical reasoning to implement these norms.This type of norm differs significantly from mandatory norms derived from normative terms like"in accordance with,""pursuant to,"and"based on"found in legal and other normative documents.The former is guiding in nature,while the latter is prescriptive.Given that choice is the inherent meaning of the term"reference,"applicable norms reject the logical paradox of"shall be referred to."In terms of authorization content,applicable norms empower executors with discretionary authority.
出处
《政法论坛》
北大核心
2025年第4期19-39,共21页
Tribune of Political Science and Law
关键词
参照
准用性规范
授权
类推
自由裁量权
Reference
Applicable Norms
Authorization
Analogy
Discretion
