摘要
水稻作为我国重要粮食作物,对我国民生发挥着重要作用。随着我国农业机械化的发展,水稻插秧机在水稻种植中的应用日益普遍。目前,水稻插秧机主要由内燃机驱动,而电驱动技术尚未被应用。电动插秧机具有节能环保,便于自动化等优点,具有显著的应用潜力。因此,本文以洋马VP6E型水稻插秧机为平台,进行水稻插秧机电驱动系统的设计与试验。首先,在分析插秧机驱动系统原有结构的基础上,设计了集中式的电驱动系统布置方案和总体结构方案。其次,对系统关键部件进行了选型和设计。选用8 kW交流感应电机作为动力源,48 V磷酸铁锂电池作为储能装置;设计了驱动电机支架和用于驱动电机与变速箱间动力传递的带传动相关零件。然后,根据所设计的插秧机电驱动系统,设计插秧机电驱动控制系统,包括常规行驶模式和定速作业模式,实现插秧机的行驶控制。其中,常规行驶模式应用于驾驶员驾驶场景;定速作业模式应用于水田定速作业场景。常规行驶模式时,控制系统通过电子加速踏板获取驾驶员的速度控制指令,对驱动电机的输出转矩进行控制,进而调整插秧机速度,以适应不同的路面和工况;定速作业模式时,控制系统获取驾驶员输入的固定期望速度后,通过组合导航获取插秧机实际速度,基于PI控制算法计算驱动电机的期望输出转矩,实现插秧机速度的闭环控制。最后,分别在水泥路面和水田对电动插秧机的电驱动控制系统进行试验。试验结果表明,常规行驶模式时,在水泥路面和水田中,电动插秧机均可以根据电子加速踏板开度实现平稳的速度调整;定速作业模式时,速度平均绝对误差不超过10.4%。本文设计的水稻插秧机电驱动系统能够满足插秧机的作业需求。
Rice,as a crucial staple crop in China,plays a significant role in the country’s livelihood.With the advancement of agricultural mechanization,the use of rice transplants in rice cultivation has become increasingly common.Currently,most rice transplants are powered by internal combustion engines,while electric drive technology has yet to be widely applied.Electric rice transplants offer advantages such as energy efficiency,environmental friendliness,and ease of automation,making them highly promising for future applications.Therefore,this paper utilizes the YANMAR VP6E rice transplants as a platform to design and test an electric drive system for rice transplants.First,based on an analysis of the original drive system structure,a centralized electric drive system layout and overall structural plan were proposed.Key components were then selected and designed,including an 8 kW AC induction motor as the power source and a 48 V lithium iron phosphate battery as the energy storage device.The design also included a motor mount and belt transmission components for power transfer between the drive motor and the transmission.Subsequently,an electric drive control system was developed for the rice transplants,encompassing conventional driving mode and constant speed operation mode,to achieve driving control.The conventional driving mode is intended for manual operation by the driver,while the constant speed operation mode is designed for steady-speed work in paddy fields.In the conventional driving mode,the control system receives the driver’s speed control commands via an electronic throttle and adjusts the drive motor’s output torque accordingly,allowing for speed adjustments to suit varying terrains and working conditions.In the constant speed operation mode,the control system acquires the desired speed input by the driver and utilizes integrated navigation to obtain the transplants’actual speed.The desired motor output torque is then calculated based on a PI control algorithm to achieve closed-loop speed control of the transplants.Finally,tests were conducted on both cement pavement and paddy fields to test the electric drive control system of the rice transplants.The results demonstrated that in the conventional driving mode,the electric rice transplants,could achieve stable speed adjustments in response to the electronic throttle’s position on both cement pavement and in paddy fields.In the constant speed operation mode,the average absolute speed error did not exceed 10.4%.The electric drive system designed in this study effectively meets the operational requirements of rice transplants.
作者
马悦琦
王琳
赵彦涛
迟瑞娟
郭延超
陈松
MA Yueqi;WANG Lin;ZHAO Yantao;CHI Ruijuan;GUO Yanchao;CHEN Song(College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Power Equipment,Luoyang 471039,China)
出处
《拖拉机与农用运输车》
2025年第4期61-68,共8页
Tractor & Farm Transporter
基金
智能农业动力装备全国重点实验室开放课题(SKLIAPE 2024009)
国家自然科学基金项目(52172396)。
关键词
水稻插秧机
电驱动系统
控制策略
设计
试验
Rice transplants
Electric drive system
Control strategy
Design
Test
