摘要
法院合宪性解释的监督,是指为保证宪法在司法审判中全面实施、规范法院间接适用宪法,监督法院合宪性解释行为的活动。法院合宪性解释的监督兼具审判监督和弱宪法监督的双重性质。法院合宪性解释的监督可以从司法越权风险的防控、法秩序统一的维护、当事人基本权利的保护等多个维度得到证成。法院运用合宪性解释应当避免出现“不当用而用”“当用不用”和“当用而错用”的情形。在具体监督的维度,宜建立以审判监督为制度依托的条件符合性、运用现实性和运用正当性的三阶层审查框架,并构建合宪性解释与合宪性审查衔接的制度机制。在抽象监督的维度,可以考虑建立法院实施宪法情况报告制度。在强调对法院合宪性解释予以必要监督的同时,必须恪守人民法院依法独立行使审判权的宪法红线,以免造成对司法的过度干预。
The supervision of the court’s constitutional interpretation refers to the activities of supervising the court’s constitutional interpretation behavior to ensure the comprehensive implementation of the Constitution in judicial trials and regulate the court’s indirect application of the Constitution.The supervision of the court’s constitutional interpretation has the dual nature of both trial supervision and weak constitutional supervision.The supervision of the court’s constitutional interpretation can be justified from multiple dimensions,such as the prevention and control of judicial overreach risks,the maintenance of the unity of the legal order,and the protection of the basic rights of the parties.The court should avoid the circumstances of“using when it is inappropriate”,“not using when it should be used”,and“using wrongly when it should be used.”In the specific supervision dimension,it is appropriate to establish a three-tier review framework of condition compliance,application reality,and application legitimacy based on the trial supervision system,and construct an institutional mechanism for the connection between constitutional interpretation and constitutional review.In the abstract supervision dimension,it can be considered to establish a reporting system on the implementation of the Constitution by the court.While emphasizing the necessary supervision of the court’s constitutional interpretation,it is necessary to abide by the constitutional red line that the people’s court independently exercises judicial power,so as to avoid excessive interference in the judiciary.
作者
李海平
张泽鑫
Li Haiping;Zhang Zexin
出处
《法治社会》
2025年第2期58-70,共13页
Law-Based Society
基金
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大专项项目“中国自主法学知识体系的概念体系研究”(项目批准号:2023JZDZ014)
吉林省社会科学基金博士和青年扶持项目“《民法典》视野下基因科研自由权的私法效力研究”(项目批准号:2022C061223)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
合宪性解释
司法审判
宪法监督
审判监督
Constitutional Interpretation
Judicial Trial
Constitutional Supervision
Trial Supervision
