摘要
国际社会对气候变化的关注日益加深,但政策与谈判仍陷“伦理僵局”。祖父原则以历史排放为准,虽具可行性,却易忽视内部不平等与代际责任;平等排放强调人均分配,虽具道德直觉,却难兼顾地域差异与政治现实。本文提出以基本需要理论为替代:先保障最低尊严生活排放,再限制奢侈排放,并考量环境条件,从而防止祖父原则的既得利益固化,也避免平等排放的“向下拉平”难题,为全球减排提供更具道义与可行性的方案。对国际社会而言,这一方案有助于平衡减排与社会公正,缓解南北矛盾,为全球气候治理奠定更公平可持续的政策基础。
The international community has been increasingly concerned about climate change.However,policies and negotiations are still trapped in an“ethical impasse”.The grandfather principle,which is based on historical emissions,is feasible yet prone to disregarding internal inequality and intergenerational responsibility.The equal emissions approach,which emphasizes per capita allocation,is morally intuitive but has difficulty taking into account regional disparities and political realities.This paper proposes an alternative based on the theory of basic needs:guarantee the minimum emissions for a dignified life first,then restrict luxury emissions,and consider environmental conditions.Thus,it can both prevent the entrenchment of vested interests under the grandfather principle and avoid the“downward leveling”problem of the equal emissions approach,offering a more morally and feasibly sound solution for global emissions reduction.For the international community,this solution is conducive to balancing emissions reduction and social justice,alleviating the North-South contradiction,and laying a fairer and more sustainable policy foundation for global climate governance.
出处
《中国地质大学学报(社会科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第4期110-117,共8页
Journal of China University of Geosciences(Social Sciences Edition)
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目“当代西方全球正义理论的发展与批判研究”(23YJC720017)。
关键词
全球治理
气候伦理
祖父原则
平等排放权
基本需要
global governance
climate ethics
the grandfather principle
equal emission rights
basic needs
