摘要
对公正减排进行界定并达成共识对于推动全球温室气体减排谈判来说至关重要。作者认为,罗尔斯的正义论可以应用到国际领域中来,其正义原则的理论进路也使得在气候变化领域建立一种超越国家利益的伦理共识成为可能。根据罗尔斯的正义论,可以推导出如下减排原则:一是人均平等排放原则,即无论所属国国籍、种族、肤色以及经济水平,每个人均拥有通过一定碳排放来提高生活水平的平等权利和通过限制碳排放来保护全球环境的平等义务;二是差别原则,即在保证人类社会持续应对气候变化的能力这一条件下,允许不平等的减排安排,只要它有利于最少受惠者的最大利益。这两个原则分别界定了减排的标准与实现方式,旨在使高排放国家与低排放国家在历史累计排放和当前排放方面最终趋于人均一致。落实这一理念的适当减排方案应基于工业化进程的动态二个趋同法。
It is critical to reach an ethical consensus of what is justice in the global negotiation of greenhouse gas(GHG) emission.The author believes that Rawls’s theory of justice could be applied to international arena and his veil of ignorance would be an approach to reach an ethical consensus beyond national interests on climate change.This article infers two principles from Rawls’s theory as follows:1.each person is to have an equal right to better his or her life by producing certain carbon emission and an obligation to protect environment by limiting carbon emission regardless of his or her nationality,ethnicity,color and economic status;2.an emission inequality is to be arranged both to the most benefit of the least advantaged and to maintain the capabilities to deal with climate change.These principles define the standard and approach of emission and each country will reach the equality per capita both in historical totality and current emission.The appropriate emission plan would be the dynamic two-convergence approach based on industrialization rate.
出处
《世界经济与政治》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第3期39-56,157,共18页
World Economics and Politics
基金
科技部"十二五"国家科技支撑课题<气候变化谈判综合问题的关键技术研究>之子课题<国际气候制度发展研究>(课题编号:2012BAC20B02)的阶段性成果
