摘要
连续纤维增强树脂基复合材料是近年发展起来的一种新型高性能复合材料,采用增材制造技术制备复合材料具有制造过程灵活、成型效率高的优点,因此成为研究的热点。总结树脂基体材料和纤维材料的特点,重点论述连续纤维增强树脂基复合材料增材制造的挤出和浸渍工艺及其温度、打印速度、打印间距等工艺参数对材料的影响,综述连续纤维增强树脂基复合材料的纤维与基体之间、层与层之间断面微观组织结构和材料的拉伸强度与弯曲强度等力学性能。针对目前连续纤维增强树脂基复合材料的增材制造材料需求增加和性能缺陷等存在的问题做出总结并对发展方向提出建议,如提高复合材料的可回收性并进一步改善增材制造工艺过程等。通过对当前连续纤维增强树脂基复合材料的研究进展进行总结,全面了解该领域的研究现状,对未来的研究趋势及应用领域进行分析和展望。
Continuous-fiber-reinforced resin-based composite materials represent a novel class of high-performance composites that have gained traction in recent years.The use of additive manufacturing technology for fabricating these composite materials offers significant advantages,including enhanced manufacturing flexibility and high forming efficiency,thereby making it a key research focus.Herein,the characteristics of both resin matrix and fiber materials are summarized,followed by an examination of the extrusion and impregnation processes involved in the additive manufacturing of continuous fiber-reinforced resin-based composites.Furthermore,the impact of process parameters such as temperature,printing speed,and printing spacing on the material are discussed.Additionally,the microstructure at the fiber-matrix interface and between layers are discussed,in addition to the mechanical properties of the material,including tensile and bending strengths.Finally,the challenges associated with increasing demand and performance limitations in the additive manufacturing of these composites are highlighted,proposing recommendations for their development,such as enhancing material recyclability and optimizing the additive manufacturing process.Both thermoplastic and thermosetting resins typically serve as matrix materials.Thermoplastic materials,exhibiting relatively low melting temperatures,facilitate processing in additive manufacturing.However,the high viscosity of these materials contributes to the low impregnation between fibers and resin,resulting in relatively lower mechanical properties than those of continuous fiber-reinforced composite materials produced via conventional methods.Conversely,thermosetting materials exhibit low viscosity,thereby enhancing fiber impregnation.However,they present challenges in the formation of composite materials,thereby increasing production costs.Additionally,additive manufacturing of thermosetting composite materials generates waste,contributing to material loss.Therefore,investigating the recyclability of these materials remains a crucial area for future research.The additive manufacturing process for continuous fiber-reinforced composite materials is influenced by factors such as fiber impregnation,material extrusion,fiber volume fraction,fiber orientation,and processing temperature,all of which influence material formation.However,significant challenges persist in additive manufacturing,and further improvements in the manufacturing process are essential.Research indicates that compared with composite materials produced via conventional processes,those fabricated via additive manufacturing exhibit lower mechanical properties.The primary factors influencing the mechanical properties of the final material include the bonding between the fiber-matrix interfaces as well as between layers.Inadequate bonding between the materials results in pore formation,causing stress concentration within the material and reducing its mechanical properties,thereby accelerating material failure.To further enhance the performance of fiber-reinforced composite materials and address existing limitations,future research must prioritize the following aspects.First,different matrix materials exhibit distinct effects on the performance of composite materials.Selecting an appropriate matrix material is crucial,necessitating further research into novel resin matrix materials.Additionally,as the use of composite materials increases,their recyclability has become as a critical constraint for industrial applications.Therefore,future research on material recyclability must be prioritized.Second,in the context of additive manufacturing of composite materials,in addition to the inherent properties of the materials,multiple avenues for process improvement exist.The impregnation process can be optimized via auxiliary techniques,such as plasma and oxidation treatments.Furthermore,controlling process parameters such as printing speed,temperature,and environmental conditions is essential for ensuring consistent material properties.Further investigation into the influence of these parameters on the material properties is necessary.Third,defects such as low interface performance and porosity in composite materials are typically attributed to insufficient compaction during the manufacturing process.Improving the compaction process or performing post-processing on the material can significantly enhance the performance of additive manufacturing.
作者
刘小龙
王文宇
赵阳
王晓明
牛宗伟
LIU Xiaolong;WANG Wenyu;ZHAO Yang;WANG Xiaoming;NIU Zongweil(School of Mechanical Engineering,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255000,China;National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing,Army Academy of Armored Forces,Beijing 100072,China)
出处
《中国表面工程》
北大核心
2025年第3期1-18,共18页
China Surface Engineering
关键词
连续纤维
树脂材料
增材制造
复合材料
界面结合
力学性能
continuous fiber
resinous material
additive manufacturing
composite material
interface bonding
mechanical property
