摘要
采用地面半覆土、地面斜靠、立体层架、平卧悬挂、墙式悬挂、层架箱式定向、层架定向7种模式栽培香菇,统计对比其设施成本、管理成本、鲜菇产量及品质、生物学效率以及经济效益,分析不同模式的优势及问题。分析发现,在相同面积大棚内的几种立体式栽培模式中,层架箱式定向和层架定向模式单季栽培菌棒量最高,均为6500棒;按照设施使用年限为10年、每年栽培2季计,平均设施成本分别为0.24元/棒、0.23元/棒;平均管理成本分别为0.35元/棒、0.48元/棒;虽然2种模式投资较高,但产出的鲜菇产量高、品质好,生物学效率分别为91.26%和93.23%,优质菇占比为89.34%和91.25%,经市场调查计算平均利润分别为4.43元/棒、4.55元/棒;投资回报率(ROI)高,分别为92.74%和99.96%,单季栽培即可几乎实现投资回本。非立体栽培模式中,地面半覆土和地面斜靠模式的投资回报率在70%水平,适合中小型栽培户,投资风险低。对于香菇标准化、规模化生产,采用层架箱式定向或层架定向的香菇栽培模式,出菇品质更符合市场要求。
Seven cultivation patterns of ground semi-soil cover,ground leaning,multi-tiered shelf,horizontal suspending,wall suspending,shelf container orientation and shelf orientation were used to cultivate Lentinus edodes.The facility cost,management cost,yield and quality of fresh mushroom,biological efficiency and economic benefits were compared and analyzed.The results showed that among the vertical cultivation patterns in greenhouses with same area,the shelf container orientation and shelf orientation patterns showed the maximum amount of artificial bed-log in single season,both of which were 6500 rods.Based on the service life of the facility is 10 years and the cultivation season is 2 seasons per year,the average facility cost is 0.24 yuan per rod and 0.23 yuan per rod respectively.The average management costs amounted to 0.35 yuan per rod and 0.48 yuan per rod respectively.The biological efficiency was 91.26%and 93.23%,and the proportion of high quality mushrooms was 89.34%and 91.25%respectively.The average profit calculated by market survey was 4.43 yuan per rod and 4.55 yuan per rod,respectively.The return on investment(ROI)is high,92.74%and 99.96%respectively,and the return on investment can be almost realized in single season cultivation.In non-vertical cultivation pattern,the ROI of the ground semi-soil cover pattern and ground leaning pattern is at the level of 70%,which is suitable for small and medium-sized cultivators with low investment risk.For the standardization and large-scale production of L.edodes,the cultivation pattern of L.edodes with shelf cortainer orientation or shelf orientation can better meet the market requirements.
作者
钟春城
韦秀琼
罗林勇
陈春燕
李发盛
郭秋霞
周兴
钟飞
ZHONG Chuncheng;WEI Xiuqiong;LUO Linyong;CHEN Chunyan;LI Fasheng;GUO Qiuxia;ZHOU Xing;ZHONG Fei(Institute of Scientific and Technological Information of Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County,Laibin 545799,China;Agricultural Planting Extension Service Center of Jinxiu Yaozu Autonomous County,Laibin 545799,China;E-commerce Service Centre of Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County,Laibin 545799,China;Guangxi Academy of Sciences,Nanning 530007,China;Integrated Service Centre for Energy Conservation Monitoring of Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County,Laibin 545799,China;Natural Protected Areas and Wildlife Conservation Administration of Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County,Laibin 545799,China)
出处
《中国食用菌》
2025年第3期120-127,共8页
Edible Fungi of China
基金
广西壮族自治区科学技术厅广西重点研发计划(桂科AB21075001)。
关键词
香菇栽培模式
设施成本
管理成本
利润
投资回报率
Lentinus edodes cultivation pattern
facility cost
management cost
profit
return on investment
