摘要
“AI+”时代,人工智能辅助法律实施将成为常态。通知规则作为网络空间侵权治理中的重要工具,其运行方式的智能转型正不断加速。现有研究主要围绕网络版权侵权领域的频发场景UGC平台展开,并未充分关注电商平台场景中通知规则的智能转型问题。平台经济是我国经济发展中的重要组成部分,而平台经济的高质量发展与平台治理能力现代化紧密相关。当算法应用于通知规则,技术本身的缺陷加上通知规则固有的罅隙,将导致通知数量激增,错误通知愈发不可避免。问题的根治须从植入通知规则内部的价值着手,实现从促进产业发展到兼及公众利益,从秉持技术中立到走向科技向善,从构建合作机制到确立责任机制的价值转向。具体而言,可以优先采用源头治理策略,通过对通知算法的规范与备案以及严格通知的形式和实质要件,实现对通知数量的控制和通知质量的改善。除此之外,还应高度重视事后追责环节,以此形成治理闭环,尽可能避免错误通知的发生。首先,在错误通知的责任主体方面,应严格区分通知算法使用者错误、通知算法设计者错误以及算法通知审查者错误。其次,在错误通知的举证责任方面,应减轻因果关系要件的证明责任,从相当因果关系标准转向因果关系推定标准,以此应对涉人工智能侵权案件中普遍存在的因果关系要件举证难题。值得注意的是,“AI+”时代,错误通知的归责原则应坚持无过错责任原则,而恶意发出错误通知的归责采用的是过错责任原则。最后,在错误通知的责任范围方面,平台的责任范围应根据其主观过错而定,过错程度需结合损害后果、所涉权利类型和当前技术水平综合判定。概言之,随着算法技术的介入,通知规则本身面临迫切的转型,需要通过调整有效通知的标准,合理分配与适度限制错误通知的责任,确保该规则能够在“AI+”时代焕发新的活力,持续为电商平台经济高质量发展保驾护航。
In the era of“AI+”,it’s normal to enforce law assisted by artificial intelligence.As an important tool of infringement governance in cyberspace,the intelligent enforcement of the notification rule is accelerating.Existing researches mainly focus on the field of online copyright infringement,and do not pay sufficient attention to the intelligent enforcement of the notification rule in the field of e-commerce platforms.The platform economy is an important part of China’s economic development,and the high-quality development of the platform economy is closely related to advanced capacity of platform governance.When the algorithm is applied to the notification rule,the defects of the technology itself coupled with the inherent gaps in the notification rule will lead to a surge in the number of notifications,and erroneous notifications are more and more inevitable.The key to solving the problem is the value embedded in the notification rule.It should shift the value from promoting industrial development to the public interest,from upholding technological neutrality to the goodness of science and technology,and from constructing a cooperative mechanism to establishing a mechanism of responsibility.Specifically,priority can be given to the adoption of source management strategy,through the regulation and filing of notification algorithms as well as the strict adaptation of the formal and substantive elements of notification,to achieve the control of the number of notifications and the improvement of the quality of notifications.In addition,it should also attach great importance to the aftermath of the pursuit of responsibility,so as to form a closed loop of governance,as far as possible to avoid the occurrence of erroneous notification.Firstly,in terms of the responsible subject of wrong notification,it should strictly distinguish between the error of notification algorithm users,the error of notification algorithm designers and the error of algorithm notification reviewers.Secondly,in terms of the burden of proof for wrong notification,the burden of proof for causality element should be reduced,and the standard of causality should be shifted from equivalent causality to the rule of presumption of causality,so as to cope with the difficult problem of proof of causality element that exists in the cases of infringement involving artificial intelligence.It is worth noting that in the“AI+”era,the principle of attribution of wrong notification should adhere to the principle of no-fault liability,while the principle of attribution of wrong notification issued in bad faith adopts the principle of fault liability.Finally,in terms of the scope of liability for wrong notification,the scope of liability of the platform should be based on its subjective fault,and the degree of fault should be combined with the consequences of the damage,the type of rights involved and the current level of technology to make a comprehensive judgment.In sum,with the intervention of algorithmic technology,the notification rule itself is facing an urgent transformation,and it is necessary to adjust the standard of effective notification,reasonably allocate and moderately limit the responsibility of wrong notification,so as to ensure that the rule can be revitalized in the era of“AI+”,and continue to escort the high-quality development of the economy of e-commerce platforms.
作者
李雪倩
李晓秋
LI Xueqian;LI Xiaoqiu(School of law,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,P.R.China)
出处
《重庆大学学报(社会科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第3期246-256,共11页
Journal of Chongqing University(Social Science Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金重大研究专项“社会主义核心价值观融入电子商务知识产权制度变革与创新研究”(20VHJ013)。
关键词
“AI+”
电商平台
通知规则
错误通知
因果关系推定
“AI+”
e-commerce platform
notification rule
error notification
presumption of causation
