摘要
人权固然是全人类的共同价值与追求,然而人权观念却是植根于特定文化传统长期形成的,具有相对性。在破除对西方人权观的盲目崇拜、坚持普遍人权的文化开放性和延续中国传统文化道德底色的基础上,当代中国人权观确立了文化主体性,坚定了中国人权发展道路的文化自信。“第二个结合”是马克思主义人权观与中华优秀传统文化的和合理念、集体主义和实用取向相契合基础上的结合,相应地催生出了“人类命运共同体”“普惠性人权”“生存权、发展权”三个当代中国人权观的标识性概念,创新性地塑造了当代中国人权观,为推动人类人权文明发展提供了有益的经验和补充。
As a common value of humanity,the concept of human rights is profoundly influenced by specific cultural traditions and exhibits significant relativity.On one hand,cultural context is indispensable for the formation of human rights concepts,with specific human rights perspectives emerging from specific cultural milieus.On the other hand,human rights concepts are products of particular historical and social conditions,constrained by social formations and evolving with temporal developments.Therefore,nations should guide the human rights development through localized conceptual frameworks while seeking consensus through cultural diversity.The contemporary Chinese perspective on human rights has been progressively constructed through rational examination and disenchantment of Western human rights concepts,while maintaining cultural openness to universal human rights and preserving the ethical essence of China’s excellent traditional culture.Confronted with new epochal demands,evolving cultural contexts,and the continuous improvement of socialist institutions,China’s human rights discourse must engage in creative transformation and innovative development of traditional culture to better align with contemporary societal needs and expectations.“The Second Combination”has profoundly shaped contemporary Chinese human rights perspectives,generating emblematic concepts in China’s human rights discourse.First,the Marxist view of human rights envisions a future ideal society eliminating class antagonisms and realizing comprehensive human development,where“equal human rights”exist within communities,which resonates with the traditional concept of harmony that advocates seeking common ground while preserving differences,and pursuing balance in human relationships and human-nature interactions.The integration of communist ideals of human rights with the harmony concept has produced the vision of“a community with a shared future for mankind”,transcending Western confrontational approaches to human rights and offering new pathways for global human rights governance.Second,the Marxist emphasis on the socially dependent nature of human rights combines with the collectivist spirit inherent in traditional Chinese humanistic ethics,giving rise to the concept of“inclusive human rights”.This breakthrough overcomes the limitations of individualistic human rights frameworks,manifesting the dialectical unity between individual rights and collective interests while expanding the connotation of human rights.Third,the Marxist insistence on realizing human rights through material production practices that progressively achieve human liberation finds resonance with traditional Chinese practical wisdom.Their integration has forged a human rights practice prioritizing“the rights to subsistence and development as fundamental human rights”,driving China’s human rights achievements that have attracted global attention.Under the guidance of“the Second Combination”,contemporary Chinese human rights perspectives,rooted in profound cultural heritage,have revitalized the modern value of traditional culture.By maintaining cultural subjectivity in human rights discourse while transcending the unilateralism and limitations of Western paradigms,China has contributed its wisdom and strength to enriching human rights theory and advancing global human rights development.
作者
王世馨
WANG Shixin(Department of Political Science and Law,Party School of the CPC Central Committee/National Academy of Governance)
出处
《人权法学》
2025年第3期34-51,151-153,共21页
Journal of Human Rights Law
关键词
“第二个结合”
当代中国人权观
马克思主义人权观
中华优秀传统文化
中国人权发展道路
The Second Combination
contemporary perspectives of Chinese human rights
Marxist view on human rights
Chinese excellent traditional culture
China’s path of human rights development
