摘要
锂云母提锂副产物中含铷铯矾结晶,开发了水浸—碱浸分段除杂结合溶剂萃取的综合回收工艺回收锂云母提锂副产物中的铷和铯。通过系统考察液固比、浸出温度、浸出时间及水浸段数等关键参数对杂质脱除和金属回收的影响,确定最佳除钾条件为两段水浸,在此条件下铷、铯回收率分别达98.80%和98.72%,钾去除率为68.83%。铝杂质去除试验表明,在常温、液固比14∶1、氢氧化钠用量20%(NaOH质量:原料质量=20%)、pH=4.7~5.0、反应时间120 min的优化条件下,铝去除率超过99%,同时保证铷回收率>99%、铯回收率>96%。经预处理后的料液,有效避免了氢氧化铝胶体导致的乳化现象,并显著降低了钾离子对铷萃取的干扰,最终实现了铷、铯的高效萃取分离。该工艺可为含铷铯矾结晶的资源化利用提供可行的技术路线。
This study developed an integrated recovery process combining water leaching-alkali leaching stepwise impurity removal with solvent extraction to recover rubidium and cesium from lepidolite lithium extraction byproducts containing Rb/Cs alum crystals.Through systematic investigation of key parameters including liquid-solid ratio,leaching temperature,leaching time,and water leaching stages,the optimal potassium removal conditions were determined as two-stage water leaching.Under these conditions,the recovery rates of Rb and Cs reached 98.80%and 98.72%respectively,with a potassium removal rate of 68.83%.Aluminum removal tests showed that under optimized conditions of room temperature,liquid-solid ratio of 14∶1,20%NaOH dosage(NaOH-to-original material mass ratio=20%),pH=4.7–5.0 and 120 min reaction time,the aluminum removal rate exceeded 99%while maintaining Rb recovery>99%and Cs recovery>96%.The pretreated solution effectively avoided emulsion formation caused by aluminum hydroxide colloids and significantly reduced potassium interference in Rb extraction,ultimately achieving efficient separation of Rb and Cs through solvent extraction.This process can provide a feasible technical route for the resource utilization of Rb/Cs-bearing alum crystals.
作者
曹欢
赵笑益
吴天骄
康敏
王勇
梁效
CAO Huan;ZHAO Xiaoyi;WU Tianjiao;KANG Min;WANG Yong;LIANG Xiao(Xi'an Northwest Nonferrous Geological Research Institute Co.Ltd.,Xi'an 710054,China;Engineering&Technology Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resource of Shaanxi Province,Xi'an 710054,China)
出处
《矿冶》
2025年第3期464-470,共7页
Mining And Metallurgy
关键词
锂云母
铷铯矾
水浸
碱浸
除钾
除铝
溶剂萃取法
lepidolite
cesium rubidium alum
water leaching
alkali leaching
potassium removal
aluminum removal
solvent extraction method
