摘要
气凝胶是一种超轻质的新型纳米多孔材料,具有高孔隙率和优异隔热性能,近年来在防火领域展现出巨大的应用潜力。本文系统梳理了气凝胶防火材料的最新研究进展,包括材料设计策略、性能优化途径以及在建筑、新能源、航空航天等领域的应用现状。本文首先分析了气凝胶独特的结构特性与其防火性能的内在关联,然后详细介绍了生物质基、有机-无机杂化、超分子组装等新型气凝胶防火材料的研究突破,并探讨了气凝胶在极端环境下的稳定性提升策略。进一步地,本文总结了气凝胶防火材料在建筑保温、锂电池热防护、航天器隔热等领域的实际应用案例,最后对当前面临的挑战和未来发展方向进行了展望,为气凝胶防火材料的进一步研究和产业化提供参考。
As a new kind of nano-porous material with super-light weight,high porosity and excellent thermal insulation performance,aerogel has great application potential in the field of fireproof in recent years.This paper systematically sorts out the latest research progress of aerogel fireproof materials,including material design strategy,performance path and application status in the fields of architecture,new energy,aerospace,etc.This paper firstly analyzes the intrinsic correlation between the unique structure characteristics of aerogel and fireproof performance,and then introduces the research breakthrough of new aerogel fireproof materials such as biomass-based,organic-inorganic hybrid,supramolecular assembly in detail and explores the strategy to improve the stability of aerogel under extreme conditions.Further,this paper summarizes the practical application cases of aerogel fireproof materials in the fields of insulation,lithium battery thermal protection,spacecraft insulation,etc.,and finally prospects the current challenges and future development directions,providing references for the further research and industrialization of aerogel fireproof materials.
作者
张忠伦
伍勇
马强
徐立杰
董凤新
张帅
王忠铖
刘振森
ZHANG Zhonglun;WU Yong;MA Qiang;XU Lijie;DONG Fengxin;ZAHNG Shuai;WANG Zhongcheng;LIU Zhensen(China Building Materials Academy Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100024;CNBM Zhongyan Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100024;Beijing Chaoyang District Fire Rescue Brigade,Beijing 100024;Beijing National Center of Technology and Innovation for Green and Low-Carbon Building Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100120)
出处
《中国建材科技》
2025年第3期25-29,共5页
China Building Materials Science & Technology
基金
国家“十四五”重点研发计划(编号:2023YFB3812300)。
关键词
气凝胶
建筑防火
研究进展
aerogel
building fireproof
research progress
