摘要
公园绿地空间布局合理性研究对于建设以人为本的生态可持续城市意义重大。针对已有研究使用单一规划半径和统计人口计算可达性、忽略使用者选择偏好等问题,以武汉市主城区为例,利用手机信令数据量化各年龄组人群对公园绿地的真实需求和访问偏好规律,基于Ga-2SFCA,将访问偏好参数融入可达性模型,识别供需错配区域。结果表明:1)不同年龄组访问偏好差异明显,青少年对专类公园的偏好程度最高,老年人倾向于选择距离较近且面积大、设施丰富的综合型公园;2)四类公园绿地可达性空间分异显著,专类公园可达性表现出明显的空间极化特征,综合可达性以东湖为中心呈现高值,空间集聚效应明显;3)江岸区、洪山区等部分区域存在公园绿地供需失衡现象,占比达到13%,且休息日时更为突出,老年群体的绿地供需匹配情况最差。丰富了公园绿地服务研究的内容和方法,为优化公园绿地配置、建设全龄友好型城市提供参考,可以扩展到其他公共服务设施研究。
Park green space(PGS)is a vital component of the urban ecosystem and public service system.Its rational layout and supply-demand matching are crucial for improving people's well-being.The rapid urbanization process has reshaped the urban spatial structure and intensified conflicts between other construction lands and PGS,leading to the mismatch between PGS services and population distribution.Moreover,studies have shown that residents with different socio-demographic characteristics have varying preferences for visiting PGS.These differences should not be ignored when evaluating the serviceability of PGS,and they are more in line with the trend of refined spatial governance.Therefore,constructing an evaluation method for PGS services based on visit preferences,identifying supply-demand mismatch areas,optimizing the layout of PGS,and improving service efficiency are key issues to deepen people-oriented urban planning and construction of all-age-friendly cities.Based on geographic big data,existing studies have discussed residents'visit preference characteristics of PGS,but some problems in the field still have to be further explored.Therefore,a case study based on the main urban area of Wuhan was conducted.Using the Gaussian two-step floating catchment area method,the real demand frequency of residents in the study unit was first recognized by combining with mobile phone signaling data.Second,the visit preferences of different age groups were explored and quantified as parameters in models.An accessibility model based on PGS visit preference laws of all age groups was built.Finally,supply-demand matching was analyzed using visit preference-based accessibility and the real demand frequency of residents as the supply-demand end.The service status of PGS in the study area was evaluated comprehensively.The results show that:(1)Different age groups demonstrate different visit preferences of PGS.Teenagers have the highest preference for theme parks,and elderly people prefer comprehensive parks with close distance,large areas,and rich facilities.On weekends,people prefer to visit parks with farther distances but larger areas and more facilities or activities,while on weekdays,they tend to choose parks nearby.(2)The spatial differentiation of the accessibility considering visit preferences is remarkable.The accessibility of theme parks shows obvious spatial polarization,and the overall accessibility shows high values along the Wuhan East Lake with significant spatial clustering.(3)There is an imbalance between PGS supply and demand in some areas,such as Jiangan District and Hongshan District,accounting for 13%.Such imbalance is more prominent on weekends,and the PGS supply-demand match of the elderly group is the worst.Based on the geographic big data,the study deeply explored the visit preferences of different age groups,improved the accessibility model,assessed the current status of PGS services more realistically,and confirmed the feasibility of evaluating PGS services based on visit preferences.It provides a reference to optimize the people-oriented urban park green space configuration,refine governance of territorial space,and construct all-age-friendly cities.Results can be applied to research on other public service facilities.
作者
章莹
刘耀林
仝照民
刘艳芳
ZHANG Ying;LIU Yaolin;TONG Zhaomin;LIU Yanfang
出处
《南方建筑》
北大核心
2025年第6期78-87,共10页
South Architecture
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(42230107):自然与人文地理过程耦合的土地利用空间优化配置建模理论与方法
国家自然科学基金项目(42471454):感知数据集成下居民出行与城市用地失衡交互关系识别及成因推断
湖北省战略科技人才培育专项(2024DJA012):国土空间智能优化配置研究。
关键词
公园绿地
访问偏好
可达性
供需匹配
武汉
park green space
visit preference
accessibility
supply-demand matching
Wuhan
