摘要
当长期暴露在极端温度下,锂离子电池的性能会急剧下降。低温会导致电解液黏度增加、电池内阻增大、电化学反应路径改变等问题;过高的工作温度,会使正极材料结构退化、电解液/电极界面稳定性降低、电池内部副反应增多等。开发适用于极端温度下工作的电解液体系是解决以上问题的关键。对低温和高温下锂离子电池的失效机制进行分析,从溶剂、锂盐和添加剂等3个方面,介绍适用于低温和高温的电解液的研究进展,整理常见的锂盐和溶剂并比较物化参数。提出极端温度下锂离子电池电解液体系需要克服的困难,并对发展方向提出展望。
When exposed to extreme temperatures for a long time,the performance of Li-ion battery will decline sharply.Low temperatures can cause problems such as increased viscosity of the electrolyte,increased internal resistance of the battery,changes in the electrochemical reaction path;excessively high operating temperatures can lead to degradation of the cathode material structure,reduced stability of the electrolyte/electrode interface,an increase in internal side reactions.Developing an electrolyte system to operate under extreme temperatures is the key to solve these problems.The failure mechanisms of Li-ion battery at low and high temperatures are analyzed,the research progress in electrolyte systems suitable for low and high temperatures from the aspects of solvents,lithium salts and additives are introduced.Common lithium salts and solvents are sorted out and physico chemical parameters are compared.The difficulties that the electrolyte system of Li-ion battery needs to overcome under extreme temperatures are presented and the development direction is prospected.
作者
孙梦婷
金成龙
张姝玮
王朋
孟庆飞
SUN Mengting;JIN Chengong;ZHANG Shuwei;WANG Peng;MENG Qingfei(Wuhan Zhongyuan Changjiang Technology Development Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430000,Hubei,China)
出处
《电池》
北大核心
2025年第3期614-621,共8页
Battery Bimonthly
基金
国防基础科研计划资助(JCKY2021211B014)。
关键词
锂离子电池
极端温度
电解液
失效机制
添加剂
锂盐
溶剂
Li-ion battery
extreme temperature
electrolyte
failure mechanism
additive
lithium salt
solvent
