摘要
锌基电池因高安全性和低成本的优势,在储能技术领域应用广泛,但低温性能受限。这主要是因为锌基电池常使用水系电解液,低温下易冻结,导致离子扩散速率减慢和电解液黏度增加,放电性能显著下降。为解决这些问题,综述基于电解质盐、添加剂和水凝胶等3种电解液的改进方案。具体包括:优化电解质盐浓度、盐阴离子和盐组分的策略;基于官能团(醇、酮、醚、酯、腈、酰胺和砜等)调控的添加剂设计思路;水凝胶的构筑方案。对低温电解质的发展方向进行展望。
Zinc-based batteries are extensively utilized in energy storage systems due to the advantages of high safety and cost-effectiveness.However,their low-temperature performance is constrained.This is predominantly due to the use of aqueous electrolytes that freeze at low temperatures,thereby decelerating ion diffusion,augmenting electrolyte viscosity,and drastically impairing discharge performance.To solve these issues,three electrolyte improvement schemes based on electrolyte salts,additives and hydrogels are reviewed,including:optimizing salt concentration,salt anion and salt composition of the electrolyte;developing functional-group-based additives(including alcohol,ketones,ether,esters,nitriles,amides and sulfones);engineering hydrogel.The developing direction for low-temperature electrolyte development are explored.
作者
黄庭磊
程佳昌
钟震宇
方春
李剑雄
冼万如
陈敏
HUANG Tinglei;CHENG Jiachang;ZHONG Zhenyu;FANG Chun;LI Jianxiong;XIAN Wanru;CHEN Min(School of Materials and New Energy,South China Normal University,Shanwei 516600,Guangdong,China;Guangzhou Tiger Head Battery Group Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510253,Guangdong,China)
出处
《电池》
北大核心
2025年第3期607-613,共7页
Battery Bimonthly
基金
国家自然科学基金(22109047)
广东省自然科学基金(2023A1515011659)
广州市虎头电池集团股份有限公司科技项目[(2024)HT技00001]。
关键词
锌基电池
低温电解质
电解液添加剂
水凝胶电解质
电解质盐
zinc-based battery
low-temperature electrolyte
electrolyte additive
hydrogel electrolyte
electrolyte salt
