摘要
在经济全球化与区域经济一体化的大背景下,美国和墨西哥(简称美墨)贸易关系备受瞩目,其中食糖产业作为两国重要的农业领域,受《北美自由贸易协定(NAFTA)》及《美墨加协定(USMCA)》影响深远。本文系统分析美墨自贸协定中食糖贸易政策变动及其对食糖和玉米糖浆生产、消费、贸易、市场价格的影响。将玉米糖浆产、消、贸变化纳入研究,主要是其和食糖均属于甜味剂大类,具有消费需求上的替代性、价格传导的关联性和自贸协定食糖的对等准入条件。主要得出几个研究结论:一是美墨自贸区发展经历了“趋于开放”到“约束加大”的转变;二是美墨自贸区趋于开放的政策促进两国食糖贸易量增长,美国食糖进口日趋向墨西哥集中,美墨自贸区约束加大的政策,使得墨西哥对美国食糖出口数量下降,出口结构由“以精炼糖为主”转为“以原糖为主”;三是美墨自贸区政策总体促进了墨西哥对美国高果糖玉米糖浆进口量的增长,墨西哥高果糖玉米糖浆人均消费日益趋于美国消费结构;四是美墨自贸协定下的关税政策呈现动态调整特征,反映了区域贸易一体化下自由贸易和本国产业发展的平衡需求;五是自贸区趋于开放的政策增强了美墨糖价联动性,使得两国原糖价差缩小;六是美国糖价和产糖量均较墨西哥更稳定,墨西哥糖业在自贸协定下积极调整以更好契合美国市场需求和政策变化。
In the context of economic globalization and regional economic integration,the trade relationship between the United States and Mexico(referred to as the US-Mexico)has attracted much attention.The sugar industry,as an important agricultural sector for both countries,has been deeply influenced by North America Free Trade Agreement and the US-Mexico-Canada Agreement.This article systematically analyzes the changes in sugar trade policies in the US-Mexico Free Trade Area and their impact on the production,consumption,trade,and market prices of sugar and corn syrup.The inclusion of changes in the production,consumption,and trade of corn syrup in the study is mainly due to its association with sugar,which belongs to the category of sweeteners and has substitutability in consumer demand,price transmission correlation,and equivalent access conditions for sugar in Free Trade Agreements.The main research conclusions are as follows:Firstly,the development of US-Mexico Free Trade Area has undergone a transformation from“tending towards openness”to“increasing constraints”;Secondly,the policy of opening up US-Mexico Free Trade Area has promoted an increase in sugar trade between two countries,with United States sugar imports increasingly concentrated in Mexico,the policy of increasing constraints in the US-Mexico Free Trade Area has led to a decrease in the quantity of sugar exports from Mexico to the United States,and the export structure has shifted from“mainly refined sugar”to“mainly raw sugar”;Thirdly,the overall policy of the US-Mexico Free Trade Area has promoted Mexico's imports of high fructose corn syrup from the United States,and the per capita consumption of high fructose corn syrup in Mexico is increasingly tending towards the consumption structure of the United States;Fourthly,the tariff policy under the US-Mexico Free Trade Area exhibits dynamic adjustment characteristics,reflecting the balanced demand for free trade and domestic industrial development under regional trade integration;Fifthly,The policy of opening up the Free Trade Area has strengthened the linkage between US-Mexico sugar prices,resulting in a narrowing of the price difference between the two countries'raw sugar;Sixthly,the sugar prices and production in the United States are more stable than in Mexico,and the Mexican sugar industry is actively adjusting under Free Trade Agreement to better meet the demand and policy changes in the United States market.
作者
陈星妍
刘晓雪
CHEN Xingyan;LIU Xiaoxue(School of Economics,Beijing Technology and Business University,Beijing 100048,China)
出处
《甘蔗糖业》
2025年第3期118-133,共16页
Sugarcane and Canesugar
基金
农业农村部现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-17)。
