摘要
公共品的有效供给困扰着绝大部分发展中国家,但中华人民共和国成立初期就以极其有限的资源实现了相对有效的公共品供给,这背后的经济学逻辑尚待挖掘。本文以农村地区的扫盲运动为研究对象,考察了中国共产党组织的基层社会动员能力与农村识字教育之间的因果关系。结果发现,扫盲运动的主要受益人群是30岁以下的农村青壮年。动员能力每提高1个标准差,能使脱盲人数约增加全体均值的12%。异质性检验发现,革命根据地的扫盲效果更好,女性也从中获益。本研究不仅为推进中国式现代化提供经济学论证,也为发展中国家在资源条件有限的情况下实现相对有效的公共品供给提供了启示建议。
The effective provision of public goods,particularly rural education,has consistently been a critical challenge for developing economies.In the early years after the founding of the People's Republic of China,rural areas faced severe obstacles,including large and dispersed populations and extremely limited educational resources.Nevertheless,the rural literacy campaign conducted during this period achieved remarkable results.This paper quantitatively investigates the impact of grassroots mobilization capacity of Communist Party organizations on the effectiveness of rural literacy campaigns,aiming to reveal the underlying economic mechanisms facilitating human capital enhancement in resourceconstrained contexts.Employing the number of Communist Party member martyrs from each county between 1921 and 1950 as a proxy for grassroots mobilization capacity,the study identifies beneficiaries of the literacy campaign using data from China's 1990 population census.Event study and difference-in-differences methodologies are utilized to evaluate the mechanism and effectiveness of grassroots mobilization capacity on literacy outcomes in rural regions.The empirical analysis indicates that the primary beneficiaries of the literacy campaign were rural young adults aged under 30 years at the campaign's inception.An increase of one standard deviation in mobilization capacity leads to approximately a 12%increase in the number of individuals achieving literacy compared to the overall mean.Further heterogeneity analyses demonstrate that regions historically identified as revolutionary bases exhibited a stronger positive relationship between grassroots mobilization capacity and literacy campaign effectiveness.Additionally,women significantly benefited from this campaign,highlighting the positive role of mobilization-based governance in enhancing women's human capital.The study also examines alternative mobilization mechanisms,including non-party martyrs,central government infrastructure construction,and local social self-mobilization mechanisms,and finds these factors had no significant effect,further underscoring the importance of grassroots mobilization in rural literacy campaigns.By exploring these issues from historical and economic perspectives,this paper quantitatively illustrates the positive impact of grassroots mobilization on rural public goods provision.The findings provide new empirical evidence to better understand the economic logic behind rural human capital enhancement and offer valuable insights for public policy design and grassroots governance models in resource-limited regions.
作者
姜语秋
王明
杨德才
JIANG Yuqiu;WANG Ming;YANG Decai(School of Business,Nanjing University)
出处
《经济理论与经济管理》
北大核心
2025年第5期107-124,共18页
Economic Theory and Business Management
基金
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(18JZD025)
教育部人文社会科学重大课题(CYD-2022013)
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(72303095)的资助。
关键词
动员能力
扫盲运动
农村人力资本
mobilization capacity
literacy campaign
rural human capital
