摘要
食物过敏(Food allergy,FA)发病率逐年上升,严重降低患者的生活质量,已成为全球性公众健康问题。生命早期外源性抗原接触的减少引起免疫耐受建立的限制是造成FA的主要原因,生活环境和饮食结构的变化导致有益微生物暴露的减少引起肠道微生态的变化是诱发成人FA的重要因素,改善肠道微生态、调节机体免疫反应是预防和治疗FA的关键。酵母后生元可通过改善肠道菌群、促进免疫耐受等方式降低FA发病率,缓解FA症状。相比于益生菌,后生元因其安全性高、保质期长、抗逆性强和方便易用等优异的特性,可作为一种预防和治疗FA的新策略,且不对宿主补充额外菌株,可在生命早期使用。文章综述了FA的发生机制和酵母后生元在FA中的防治作用,以期为酵母后生元在改善FA的深入研究和应用方面提供依据。
The incidence of food allergy(FA)has been increasing year by year,significantly impairing patients’quality of life and emerging as a global public health concern.A major cause of FA is the limited establishment of immune tolerance due to reduced exposure to exogenous antigens during early life.In adults,changes in living environments and dietary habits lead to reduced exposure to beneficial microorganisms,resulting in alterations of gut microecology—an important contributing factor to FA.Therefore,improving intestinal microecology and modulating immune responses are key strategies for the prevention and treatment of FA.Yeast-derived postbiotics have been shown to reduce the incidence and alleviate symptoms of FA by modulating gut microbiota and promoting immune tolerance.Compared with probiotics,postbiotics offer several advantages,including a high safety profile,longer shelf life,better resistance to harsh conditions,and ease of application.They do not require the introduction of live microbial strains into the host and are thus suitable for early-life use.This review summarizes the pathogenesis of FA and explores the preventive and therapeutic roles of yeast postbiotics,providing a theoretical basis for further research and application in managing food allergy.
作者
余海立
郑明山
黄晓英
刘晓雯
张彦
YU Haili;ZHENG Mingshan;HUANG Xiaoying;LIU Xiaowen;ZHANG Yan(National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology,Yichang 443000,China;The Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Yeast Function,Yichang 443000,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy,College of Basic Medical Sciences,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China)
出处
《食品科技》
北大核心
2025年第4期67-73,共7页
Food Science and Technology
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1103305)
湖北省自然科学基金项目(2024AFD180)。
