摘要
直接还原铁(DRI)是实现深度脱碳的重要工艺产品,可用于电炉炼钢、转炉或者电熔炉。直接还原铁的化学成分及质量和所用燃料还原剂对下道工序的应用和碳减排具有重要影响。概述了直接还原铁的生产现状,剖析了直接还原铁的应用及对直接还原铁的质量需求、直接还原用还原气现状及发展,分析和思考了直接还原铁生产用铁矿石的处理和应用及直接还原用还原气的准备。电炉和转炉冶炼需要高品位、低脉石和高金属化率的直接还原铁,电熔炉则可以应用相对低品位和高脉石含量的直接还原铁。目前电炉工艺产能大,技术成熟,电熔炉工艺在研发阶段。另外从碳减排角度考虑,低品位、高脉石直接还原铁无论对电炉工艺还是熔炼炉工艺的电耗和碳排放影响都很大,因此,用于直接还原铁生产的铁矿石尽可能在源头采选阶段减少脉石含量、提高品位,以生产高品质直接还原铁。传统的直接还原铁生产主要采用天然气作为能源和还原剂,而天然气属于化石燃料,且中国天然气资源紧缺价格,因此,应用焦炉煤气或CO_(2)转化后的CO+H_(2)混合还原气体,既可以保证铁矿石的还原速率,又可以在提高直接还原铁C含量的同时降低碳排放。
Direct reduced iron(DRI)is an important process product for achieving deep decarbonization,which can be used in EAF,converter or electric melting furnace.The chemical composition and quality of DRI,as well as the use of fuel reducing agents,have a significant impact on the application of DRI in next process and carbon reduction.An overview of the current production status of direct reduced iron is summarized,the application of direct reduced iron and the quality requirements for direct reduced iron,the current situation and development of reduction gas used in direct reduction are analyzed,and the processing and application of iron ore used in direct reduced iron production,as well as the preparation of reduction gas are analyzed and considered.EAF and converter require DRI with high iron grade,low gangue,and high metallization rate,while electric melting furnaces can use DRI with relatively low grade and high gangue content.At present,the EAF process has large production capacity and mature technology,while the electric melting furnace process is in the research and development stage.In addition,from the perspective of carbon reduction,the direct reduced iron from low grade and high content gangue has a significant impact on the power consumption and carbon emissions of both EAF and smelting furnace processes.Therefore,iron ore used for direct reduction should reduce the content of gangue and improve its grade as much as possible during the source selection stage,in order to produce high-quality direct reduced iron.The traditional direct reduced iron pro duction mainly uses natural gas as energy and reducing agent.Natural gas is a fossil fuel,and China′s natural gas resources are scarce and expensive.Therefore,the application of coke oven gas or CO+H_(2) mixed reduction gas from CO_(2)conversion can ensure the reduction rate of iron ore,increase the content of direct reduced iron C content,and reduce carbon emissions.
作者
青格勒
王桂林
许佳
王凯
王伟
李劲松
宋晓然
QING Gele;WANG Guilin;XU Jia;WANG Kai;WANG Wei;LI Jinsong;SONG Xiaoran(Research Institute of Technology,Shougang Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100043,China;Beijing key Lab of Green Recyclable Process for Iron and Steel Production Technology,Beijing 100043,China;School of Resources and Safety Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Shougang Co.,Ltd.,Tangshan 064400,Hebei,China;School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《中国冶金》
北大核心
2025年第5期55-64,共10页
China Metallurgy
关键词
直接还原铁
还原气体
铁矿石
电炉
电熔炉
direct reduced iron
reducing gas
iron ore
electric arc furnace
electric melting furnace
