摘要
土壤中复杂而多样的微生物群落与植物之间形成了动态的相互作用网络,对植物的生长、发育、抗逆性及生态适应性具有重要的影响。近年来,有益微生物组(包括根际促生菌、菌根真菌和植物相关噬菌体等)在农业生态系统中的作用逐渐受到关注。有益微生物能与植物建立共生关系,通过促进土壤养分释放、分泌植物激素及调控信号网络,促进植物健康生长,并在增强植物抗盐碱、抗干旱、抗病虫害能力方面发挥关键作用。此外,噬菌体作为植物微生物组的重要组成部分,展现出调控宿主代谢、增强植物抗性以及调节微生物群落平衡的潜在生态功能。然而,当前对植物相关微生物组影响植物生理性状的机制认识不充分,外源微生物的应用在农业实践中也面临着本土微生物竞争、环境适应性及功能稳定性等多方面挑战。本文综述了植物有益微生物组(包括噬菌体)的生态功能在农业中的研究进展,探讨了它们在土壤健康维护、养分循环优化、生物多样性保护及化学品投入减量中的协同作用。同时,结合植物-微生物组-环境互作的复杂机制,提出基于微生物组功能优化的农业可持续发展策略,为实现粮食安全和生态系统平衡提供科学依据。
Soil microbial communities form dynamic interaction networks with plants,which influence growth,development,stress tolerance,and ecological adaptability of plants.In recent years,the roles of beneficial micro-biomes,including plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR),arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF),and plant-associated bacteriophages,in agricultural ecosystems have received increasing attention.Beneficial microorganisms can facilitate soil nutrient release,secrete plant hormones,and regulate signaling pathways,thereby establishing symbiotic relationships with plant for healthy host growth.They also play crucial roles in enhancing plant tolerance to salinity,drought,and pest-related stresses.Bacteriophages,as integral components of plant microbiomes,exhibit potential ecological functions,such as modulating host metabolism,boosting plant resistance,and maintaining microbial community balance.However,the mechanisms through which plant-associated microbiomes influence plant physiological traits remain less understood.The application of exogenous microorganisms in agriculture faces many challenges,such as competition from native microbiomes,environmental adaptability,and functional stabi-lity.We summarized the ecological functions of plant-beneficial microbiomes,including bacteriophages,in agricultural systems,highlighting their synergistic roles in soil health maintenance,nutrient cycling optimization,biodiversity conservation,and reducing reliance on chemical inputs.Furthermore,we discussed the complex mechanisms underlying plant-microbiome-environment interactions and proposed strategies for optimizing microbiome functions to promote sustainable development of agriculture and ensuring food security and ecological balance.
作者
王芷瑶
钟玉君
王永峰
谢柠桧
张颖
江志阳
史荣久
梁小龙
WANG Zhiyao;ZHONG Yujun;WANG Yongfeng;XIE Ninghui;ZHANG Ying;JIANG Zhi-yang;SHI Rongjiu;LIANG Xiaolong(CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture,Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering,Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《应用生态学报》
北大核心
2025年第5期1553-1566,共14页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
辽宁省优秀青年基金项目(2023JH3/10200009)
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1500301)
中国科学院百人计划项目资助。
