摘要
为了解新型果豆复合系统种间竞争策略,寻找兼顾生态效益与经济效益的果豆复合种植搭配,设置‘塞外红’苹果(Malus pumila‘Saiwaihong’)-大豆(Glycine max)种植模式。通过对‘塞外红’-大豆复合系统根长密度(RLD)、比根长(SRL)、根垂直中心、竞争能力指数、种间相对竞争能力的研究,揭示‘塞外红’-大豆复合系统种间竞争策略。结果显示:间作果树、大豆RLD均低于单作,SRL趋势相反。大豆根系主要分布在0–20 cm土壤深度、距果树150–200 cm处,随土壤深度增加、距果树距离减少而减少。间作‘塞外红’根系主要分布在20–40 cm土壤深度,随生育时期推移,细根垂直中心下移幅度增大。‘塞外红’-大豆复合系统中各植物采取不同种间竞争策略。大豆细根通过提高SRL,降低根质量的方式在复合系统表层土壤中成为强势竞争者;间作‘塞外红’采取下移根系分布中心、延长根长、增加根质量的方式减少与间作大豆生态位重叠和资源竞争。‘塞外红’整体的种间相对竞争能力强于大豆,但在表土层依然有大豆竞争能力指数强于‘塞外红’的情况发生。间作大豆产量比单作降低了34.12%,‘塞外红’产量无显著差异,复合系统土地当量比(LER)、收益当量比(IER)均大于1。说明‘塞外红’-大豆复合系统地下竞争较弱,具有良好的间作优势,适宜在新疆种植。研究结果可为干旱半干旱区农林复合系统种植选择提供参考。
Aims In order to understand the interspecific competition strategy of the new fruit-soybean agroforestry system and find a planting pattern that balances ecological and economic benefits,the Malus pumila‘Saiwaihong’-Glycine max agroforestry system(MS)was set up.Methods Through the study on root length density(RLD),specific root length(SRL),root vertical center,competitiveness index and interspecific relative competitiveness of the MS,their interspecific competition strategy was revealed.Important findings The results showed that the RLD of intercropping fruit trees and soybean was lower than that of monoculture,and the trend of SRL was opposite.Soybean roots were mainly distributed at 0–20 cm soil depth and 150–200 cm away from the fruit tree,and decreased with the increase of soil depth and the decrease of distance from the fruit tree.The root system of intercropping‘Saiwaihong’mainly distributed in the soil depth of 20–40 cm.Within the growth period,the vertical center of fine roots moved downward.In the MS,each plant adopted different interspecific competition strategies.Fine roots of soybean became a strong competitor in the surface soil of the MS by increasing SRL and reducing root mass.Intercropping‘Saiwaihong’could reduce niche overlap and resource competition with intercropping soybean by moving down the root distribution center,lengthening root length and increasing root mass.The overall interspecific relative competitiveness of‘Saiwaihong’was stronger than that of soybean,but the competitiveness index of soybean was still stronger than that of‘Saiwaihong’in the topsoil.The yield of intercropping soybean was 34.12%lower than that of monoculture.There was no significant difference in the yield of‘Saiwaihong’.The land equivalent ratio(LER)and income equivalent ratio(IER)of the agroforestry system were greater than one.The results showed that the underground competition of MS was weak,and it had good intercropping advantages which were suitable for planting in Xinjiang.The results of this study can provide a reference for the selection of planting patterns of agroforestry systems in arid and semi-arid areas.
作者
王秀媛
申磊
刘婷婷
尉雯雯
张帅
张伟
WANG Xiu-Yuan;SHEN Lei;LIU Ting-Ting;WEI Wen-Wen;ZHANG Shuai;ZHANG Wei(Agricultural College,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China;College of Horticulture&Forestry Sciences,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)
出处
《植物生态学报》
北大核心
2025年第5期748-759,共12页
Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology
基金
国家自然科学基金(32260723)。
关键词
果豆复合系统
根系分布
种间竞争
‘塞外红’苹果
果树
间作
干旱半干旱区
fruit-soybean agroforestry system
root distribution
interspecific competition
Malus pumila‘Saiwaihong’
fruit tree
intercropping
arid and semi-arid areas
