摘要
钨电极材料作为机械、核电、航空航天等行业不可或缺的功能材料,被应用于钨极氩弧焊、等离子切割等工艺技术中。钨电极市场中稀土钨电极占据近50%的份额,其中以多元复合稀土钨电极为主,另外,具有放射性的钍钨电极仍然占据一定份额。多元复合稀土钨电极虽能够满足焊接行业对电极的性能要求,避免钍钨电极的放射性污染,然而生产过程需要消耗宝贵的稀土战略资源,因此有必要从生态设计的角度出发衡量二者的综合优越性。本工作基于生命周期评价(Life cycle assessment, LCA)思想,从资源-环境-性能三个因素对钨电极材料产品进行生态设计,建立了基于资源-环境-性能多因素综合决策方法模型和基于模糊矩阵理论的钨电极生态设计多指标评价模型。研究结果显示,多元复合稀土钨电极的轧制工艺路线在资源、环境和性能指标上均优于钍钨电极。其环境负荷较钍钨电极旋锻工艺路线降低了约37.84%;在生产阶段的资源耗竭性上,较钍钨电极旋锻工艺路线的资源影响潜值降低了67.40%;对焊接应用需求的满足程度优于钍钨电极,且综合性能指标比钍钨电极高出约35.50%。综合考虑基于不同生态设计方法与设计因素,针对钨极氩弧焊焊接应用领域,多元复合稀土钨电极的生态实施效果优于钍钨电极。
Tungsten electrode materials are indispensable functional materials in machinery, nuclear power, aerospace and other industries, and are used in processes such as tungsten inert gas welding and plasma cutting. Rare earth tungsten electrodes account for nearly 50% of the tungsten electrode market, in which multiplicity rare earth tungsten electrodes as the main type. In addition, the radioactive thoriated tungsten electrodes still occupy certain share. Although the multiplicity rare earth tungsten electrodes can satisfy the performance requirements of the welding industry and avoid the radioactive pollution of thoriated tungsten electrodes, the production process needs to consume valuable rare earth strategic resources, so it is necessary to measure the comprehensive advantages of the both from the perspective of ecological design. Based on the idea of life cycle assessment (LCA), the eco-design of tungsten electrode material was carried out from three factors of resources, environment and performance. This study established a multi-factor comprehensive decision-making method model based on resources-environment-performance factors and fuzzy matrix theory. The results showed that the rolling process of the multiplicity rare earth tungsten electrodes is superior to the tho- riated tungsten electrodes. Compared to thoriated tungsten electrodes rotary forging process, its environmental load reduced by 37.84%, the resource impact potential reduced by 67.4% during the production phase. The demand of welding application is better than that of thoriated tungsten electrodes, and the comprehensive performance is about 35.50% higher. Considering different eco-design methods and design factors, the ecological implementation effect of multiplicity rare earth tungsten electrodes is superior than that of thoriated tungsten electrodes in the field of tungsten inert gas welding.
作者
杨坤
陈文娟
杨建参
高峰
龚先政
刘宇
孙博学
YANG Kun;CHEN Wenjuan;YANG Jiancan;GAO Feng;GONG Xianzheng;LIU Yu;SUN Boxue(China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 401120,China;College of Materials Science and Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Big-data Application Technology,Beijing 100124,China)
出处
《材料导报》
北大核心
2025年第12期121-127,共7页
Materials Reports
基金
国家重点研发计划(2023YFB3811800)
国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(51621003)。
关键词
多元复合稀土钨电极
钍钨电极
生态设计
生命周期评价
multiplicity rare earth tungsten electrode
thoriated tungsten electrode
ecological design
life cycle assessment
