摘要
为有效治理隧洞爆破作业过程中产生的粉尘,减少其对井下生产环境及作业人员带来的危害,研究对高效隧洞爆破喷洒抑尘剂配方优化及性能进行了探索。通过一系列单因素及复配试验,选取合适的表面活性剂、保湿剂和黏结剂,并最终采用正交试验设计优化了抑尘剂配方。试验结果显示,质量分数为0.1%的两性离子表面活性剂椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱与0.1%的阴离子表面活性剂α-烯基磺酸钠复配具有协同作用,溶液表面张力显著降低,提高了抑尘剂的润湿性和渗透性。最佳配方为0.05%椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱、0.05%α-烯基磺酸钠、4.0%六水氯化镁和0.05%聚丙烯酰胺,具有优异的润湿性、较低的腐蚀性和良好的环保性能,在隧道实际施工中,全尘和呼尘的质量浓度降低65%以上,有效地改善了施工环境的安全性。该抑尘剂成本为34元/t,具有较高的经济效益。
This paper addresses the significant dust pollution and health risks faced by workers during tunnel blasting operations.It systematically investigates the optimization of formulations and the performance of a high-efficiency dust suppressant.To achieve this goal,we began by screening suitable surfactants(zwitterionic CAB and anionic AOS),humectants(MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O),and binders(PAM)through a series of single-factor and compound experiments.Our findings revealed that the combination of 0.1%CAB and 0.1%AOS exhibits a synergistic effect,significantly reducing the surface tension of the solution and enhancing the wettability and permeability of the dust suppressant.Building on this,we optimized the dust suppressant formulation using an orthogonal design method,selecting surface tension as the primary control evaluation index.We examined the influence of four factors—CAB,AOS,MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O,and PAM—at various levels.The experimental results indicate that CAB and AOS have the most significant influence on surface tension,followed by MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O,while PAM exhibits the least impact.Ultimately,the optimal formulation identified is 0.05%CAB,0.05%AOS,4.0%MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O,and 0.05%PAM.The performance of this formulation was subsequently evaluated.The experimental results demonstrated that the basic physical and chemical parameters,including pH value and density of the optimized formulation,complied with relevant standards.The formulation exhibited excellent wetting properties,low corrosiveness,and strong environmental protection performance.Additionally,during actual tunnel construction,it effectively reduced the mass concentration of total dust and respirable dust by over 65%,significantly enhancing the safety of the construction environment.Moreover,the raw material cost of the dust suppressant is just 34 CNY per ton,indicating substantial economic benefits.This paper successfully presents a low-cost,high-efficiency,and environmentally friendly dust suppressant for tunnel blasting,achieved through the synergistic effects of different types of surfactants and optimization via orthogonal testing.This development offers a novel technical approach for controlling rock dust.
作者
缪小勐
陆瑶
刘伟
肖梦辉
钱吉磊
陈传江
杨碧洪
张文
杜翠凤
王远
何生全
MIAO Xiaomeng;LU Yao;LIU Wei;XIAO Menghui;QIAN Jilei;CHEN Chuanjiang;YANG Bihong;ZHANG Wen;DU Cuifeng;WANG Yuan;HE Shengquan(Quanzhou State Reserve Petroleum Base Co.,Ltd.,Quanzhou 362000,Fujian,China;School of Resource and Safety Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;China Railway Second Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610091,China)
出处
《安全与环境学报》
北大核心
2025年第6期2215-2224,共10页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(5240040361)
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2905003)。
关键词
安全卫生工程技术
爆破粉尘
表面活性剂
正交试验
性能测试
safety and health engineering technology
blasting dust
surfactants
orthogonal experiment
performance testing
