摘要
集中成熟是棉花机械收获的基础。为探索棉花集中成熟的新途径,本研究于2022和2023年以K836为试验材料,设置早打顶(初花期)处理和常规打顶(盛花期)对照(CK),比较分析不同打顶时间对棉花株型、棉铃时空分布、干物质积累与分配、产量与品质和集中成熟的影响。结果表明,早打顶不影响籽棉产量和纤维品质。与CK相比,早打顶处理铃重和生物产量分别降低9.1%和24.0%,铃密度和收获指数分别提高11.6%和33.2%;早打顶处理果枝数减少40.5%,盛花期、盛铃期和吐絮期的叶面积指数和干物质积累量大幅度降低,但早打顶处理的节枝比较CK提高59.3%,盛花期、盛铃期和吐絮期光合产物向棉铃的分配比例分别提高10.6%、29.2%和32.7%。早打顶处理见絮后42 d吐絮率达92.8%,显著高于CK的63.8%;早打顶处理吐絮率达到95.0%所需时间比CK缩短10 d。因此,本试验条件下初花期打顶能在维持棉花产量和品质稳定的基础上,促进棉花的集中成熟。本研究结果为棉花集中成熟调控提供了新途径。
Concentrated maturation is essential for the mechanized harvesting of cotton.To explore new approaches for achieving concentrated maturation in cotton,experiments were conducted using a commercial cotton cultivar K836 as the testing material in 2022 and 2023,with the two treatments such as early topping at early flowering stage and conventional topping at peak flowering stage(CK).The effects of different topping times on plant architecture,spatial and temporal distribution of cotton bolls,dry matter accumulation and partitioning,yield and quality,and concentrated maturation were compared.The results showed that early topping had no significant impact on seed cotton yield and fiber quality compared to conventional topping.Compared with CK,the cotton boll weight and biological yield of early topping treatment decreased by 9.1%and 24.0%,respectively,and the cotton boll density and harvest index increased by 11.6%and 33.2%,respectively.The number of fruit branches in early topping treatment decreased by 40.5%,the leaf area index and dry matter accumulation in peak flowering stage,peak boll-setting stage and boll opening stage decreased significantly,but the node-branch ratio increased by 59.3%.Compared with CK,partition ratios of photosynthetic products to cotton bolls in peak flowering stage,peak boll-setting stage and boll opening stage increased by 10.6%,29.2%and 32.7%,respectively.The boll-opening rate at 42 d after initial boll opening in early topping treatment was 92.8%,which was significantly higher than that of CK(63.8%).The time required for the boll opening rate to reach 95.0%in early topping treatment was ten days shorter than that of CK.Therefore,under the conditions of this experiment,topping at the early flowering stage could promote the concentrated maturation of cotton on the basis of maintaining the stability of cotton yield and quality.This study provides a new path for the regulation of cotton concentrated maturation.
作者
李亚楠
聂军军
战丽杰
徐士振
李振怀
张艳军
代建龙
崔正鹏
张冬梅
孙琳
孙红春
董合忠
LI Yanan;NIE Junjun;ZHAN Lijie;XU Shizhen;LI Zhenhuai;ZHANG Yanjun;DAI Jianlong;CUI Zhengpeng;ZHANG Dongmei;SUN Lin;SUN Hongchun;DONG Hezhong(College of Agronomy,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;Institute of Industrial Crops,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China)
出处
《江苏农业学报》
北大核心
2025年第5期840-847,共8页
Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32372229)
国家棉花产业技术体系项目(CARS-15-15)。
关键词
棉花
早打顶
产量形成
集中成熟
集中吐絮
cotton
early topping
yield formation
concentrated maturity
concentrated boll opening
