摘要
为了解决高温热害对棉花生长发育的影响问题,采用控制高温处理试验方法,研究不同高温处理在不同时期对棉花叶片、蕾铃脱落、叶片净光合速率、蕾铃形成率、果枝部位分布、产量构成因素和纤维品质的影响。结果表明:当棉花暴露在高温环境下时,叶片和棉铃会异常脱落。随着温度的升高和高温持续时间的延长,叶片和棉铃脱落率明显增加。与对照相比,35℃高温9 d落叶率、落蕾铃率分别提高50.7%和33.7%;38℃高温9 d落叶率、落蕾铃率分别提高52.3%和37.5%。叶片的净光合速率显著降低,然而,随着棉花的生长发育,棉花叶片功能会得到一定程度的修复。高温胁迫时间越长,结铃率最多的区域就越接近棉株顶部。高温胁迫明显降低了棉花的产量和质量,9 d高温籽棉产量减产36.2%,导致纤维平均长度、均匀性下降4.50%和0.65%,断裂比强度和马克隆值分别上升了1.49%和2.22%。棉花花铃期高温可造成异常落叶落蕾铃,使纤维品质下降和减产,本研究结果可为开展防御高温灾害研究提供科学依据。
To address the effect of high-temperature stress on cotton growth and development,a controlled high-temperature treatment experiment was conducted to explore the effects of different high-temperature conditions at various growth stages on leaf and boll abscission,net photosynthetic rate of leaves,boll formation rate,spatial distribution of fruiting branches,yield components,and fiber quality.The results showed that exposure to high temperatures caused abnormal shedding of leaves and bolls.As temperature increased and the duration of exposure lengthened,the abscission rates of leaves and bolls rose significantly.Compared with the control,the leaf and boll abscission rates increased by 50.7%and 33.7%,respectively,under 35℃for 9 days,and by 52.3%and 37.5%under 38℃for 9 days.The net photosynthetic rate of the leaves decreased significantly.However,as cotton continued to grow and develop,partial recovery of leaf function was observed.Prolonged heat stress also caused the zone with the highest boll-setting rate to shift closer to the top of the plant.Moreover,heat stress significantly reduced both cotton yield and fiber quality.After 9 days of high-temperature treatment,seed cotton yield decreased by 36.2%,the average fiber length and uniformity dropped by 4.50%and 0.65%,respectively,while the specific breaking strength and micronaire value increased by 1.49%and 2.22%.In conclusion,high temperatures during the flowering and bolling stages of cotton result in excessive leaf and boll abscission,reduce fiber quality,and yield loss.These findings provide a scientific basis for developing strategies to mitigate the effects of high-temperature stress in cotton production.
作者
李红英
李悦
吕美云
杜峰
蹇瑷
张鑫
尹远渊
田苗
LI Hongying;LI Yue;LÜMeiyun;DU Feng;JIAN Ai;ZHANG Xin;YIN Yuanyuan;TIAN Miao(Shihezi Meteorological Bureau/Wulanwusu Ecology and Agrometeorology Observation and Research Station,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832100,China;Urumqi Meteorological Satellite Ground Station,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830000,China;Shihezi Paotai Meteorological Station,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China;Wulanwusu Agrometeorology Observation and Research Station,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832100,China;Mosuowan Meteorological Station,Shihezi,Xinjiang 830000,China;Dalian Meteorological Service Center,Dalian,Liaoning 116000,China;Shihezi Meteorological Station,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832100,China)
出处
《陕西农业科学》
2025年第5期20-26,共7页
Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区重大专项(农场数字化及智能化关键技术研究(2022A02011))
石河子市气象局科研项目“人工影响天气科普宣传”(SHZYD202312)。
关键词
棉花
高温胁迫
叶铃脱落
产量构成因素
纤维特性
Cotton
Heat stress
Leaf and boll abscission
Yield components
Fiber characteristics
