摘要
[目的]探讨8个百合品种的主要营养及功效成分含量,为药食兼用百合新种质的鉴定、评价和开发利用提供科学依据。[方法]以6个观赏百合(黄珍珠、橙珍珠、红珍珠、红马丁、星光红、八点后)及我国传统食用百合(兰州百合、卷丹)为研究对象,测定了鳞茎中的淀粉、总糖、可溶性糖、还原糖、维生素C、粗蛋白、粗纤维、氨基酸和矿质元素等营养成分,以及总皂苷、总酚、类黄酮和总生物碱等功能成分含量,依据主要营养和功效成分含量,采用主成分分析法对8种百合鳞茎的综合品质进行了评价和聚类分析。[结果]8种百合的淀粉含量为10.11%~17.88%,以卷丹淀粉含量最高。总糖、可溶性糖和还原糖含量分别为103.84~246.86 mg/g、1.45~8.73 mg/g和6.07~14.54 mg/g,以上3个指标均以兰州百合最高。维生素C含量为226.44~653.52 nmol/g,以红马丁Vc含量最高;粗蛋白含量为78.98~134.60 g/kg,以橙珍珠最高;粗纤维含量为1.08%~2.85%,以星光红最高;总氨基酸含量为13 220.27~22 210.00μg/g,以卷丹最高;总酚、类黄酮和总皂苷含量分别为0.60~1.27 mg/g、0.29~0.82 mg/g和2.46~3.36 g/kg,以上3个指标均以八点后最高;总生物碱含量为0.21~0.46g/kg,以橙珍珠最高。各品种鳞茎中均含有P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe和Zn等7种矿质元素,其中橙珍珠的P、K和Zn含量均最高。主成分分析结果表明,8种百合的综合品质排名依次为八点后>星光红>兰州百合>卷丹>红马丁>黄珍珠>橙珍珠>红珍珠。聚类分析结果显示,3种东方百合(八点后、红马丁和星光红)归为一类,5种亚洲百合(黄珍珠、红珍珠、兰州百合、卷丹、橙珍珠)被划分为另一类。[结论]8种百合中,八点后的综合品质最佳,星光红次之,二者均具有开发为药用百合的潜力。
【Objective】This research aimed to investigate the key factors influencing the nutritional and functional qualities of lilies,providing scientific evidence for the identification,evaluation,and development of noval lily germplasm with potential for both edible and medicinal use.【Method】Six ornamental lily varieties(Golden Matrix,Orange Matrix,Matrix,Sunny Martinique,Starlight Express,After Eight)and two traditional edible lily species in China(L.davidii var.unicolor,L.lancifolium Ker-Gawl.)were studied.Nutritional components including starch,total sugar,soluble sugar,reducing sugar,vitamin C,crude protein,crude fiber,amino acids,and mineral elements,as well as functional components including total saponins,total phenols,soflavonoids,and total alkaloids,were analyzed.Based on the content of these major nutritional and functional components,principal component analysis(PCA)was employed to evaluate the comprehensive quality of the bulbs of the eight lily varieties,and cluster analysis was performed to group them accordingly.【Result】The total starch content ranged from 10.11%to 17.88%among the varieties,with the highest content observed in Lilium lancifolium Ker-Gawl.The total sugar,soluble sugar and reducing sugar contents were 103.84-246.86 mg/g,1.45-8.73 mg/g and 6.07-14.54 mg/g,respectively,with the highest contents observed in L.davidii var.unicolor.The vitamin C content varied from 226.44 to 653.52 nmol/g,with the highest content observed in Sunny Martinique.The crude protein content ranged from 78.98 to 134.60 g/kg,with the highest content observed in Orange Matrix.The crude fiber content ranged from 1.08%to 2.85%,with the highest content observed in Starlight Express.The total amino acid content ranged from 13220.27 to 22210.00μg/g,with the highest content observed in L.lancifolium Ker-Gawl.The total phenolics content,flavonoids content and saponins content were 0.60-1.27 mg/g,0.29-0.82 mg/g,and 2.46-3.36 g/kg,respectively,with the highest contents observed in After Eight.The total alkaloid content ranged from 0.21 to 0.46 g/kg,with the highest content observed in Orange Matrix.All varieties contained seven mineral elements,including P,K,Ca,Mg,Mn,Fe and Zn,with the highest contents of P,K and Zn observed in Orange Matrix.The PCA results indicated that the comprehensive quality ranking of the eight lily varieties was as follows:After Eight>Starlight Express>L.davidii var.unicolor>L.lancifolium Ker-Gawl.>Sunny Martinique>Golden Matrix>Orange Matrix>Matrix.The cluster analysis results showed that the three Oriental lily varieties(After Eight,Sunny Martinique,Starlight Express)were grouped together,and the five Asian lily varieties(Golden Matrix,Orange Matrix,Matrix,L.davidii var.unicolor,L.lancifolium Ker-Gawl.)were grouped into another cluster.【Conclusion】Among the eight lily varieties evaluated,After Eight exhibited the best comprehensive quality,followed by Starlight Express.Both of them showed promising potential for utilization in the medicinal industry.
作者
刘秀云
陈敏敏
罗建让
韩菲菲
蔡新元
张永春
LIU Xiuyun;CHEN Minmin;LUO Jianrang;HAN Feifei;CAI Xinyuan;ZHANG Yongchun(Shanghai Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry,Shanghai,201699,China;Forest and Fruit Tree Research Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China;College of Landscape Architecture and Art,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)
出处
《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第6期127-136,共10页
Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
上海市科技兴农项目(2020-02-08-00-12-F01463)
国家自然科学基金项目(3197140778)。
关键词
百合鳞茎
营养品质
功效成分
主成分分析
品质评价
bulbs of lily
nutritional quality
functional factor
principal component analysis
quality evaluation
