摘要
目的本研究旨在探究低热量饮食结合高强度间歇训练(high-intensity interval training,HIIT)对超重女大学生体成分、糖脂代谢及心肺功能的影响,为制定更有效的减肥和健康改善方案提供依据。方法招募超重的女大学生85名,利用随机数字表法随机分为低热量饮食组(low-calorie diet,LCD组,43例)与对照组(42例),两组受试者饮食由营养科医师进行定制,LCD组每日总热量摄入为(1000~1200)kCal,对照组每日总热量摄入为(1400~1800)kCal。在控制饮食的基础上两组均接受HIIT,每周3次,持续干预12周。对两组受试者干预前后体成分(体重、体质指数、全身脂肪百分比、肌肉质量、上身脂肪量、下身脂肪量、身体总水量)、糖脂代谢(糖化血红蛋白、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、胰岛素抵抗指数、胰岛素功能指数、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白)、心肺功能(心率、肺活量指数、收缩压、舒张压)进行检测与比较。结果两组受试者干预前体成分、糖脂代谢、心肺功能等相关指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后体成分指标变化显示,LCD组体重(62.15±5.22)kg、体质指数(24.51±2.35)kg/m2、全身脂肪百分比(30.65±3.41)%、上身脂肪量(2.33±0.42)kg、下身脂肪量(3.01±0.99)kg显著下降并低于干预后对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。糖脂代谢指标变化显示,干预后LCD组受试者糖化血红蛋白(6.43±0.73)%、空腹血糖(6.32±1.04)mmol/L、餐后2 h血糖(9.03±1.21)mmol/L、总胆固醇(4.21±0.67)mmol/L、甘油三酯(1.46±0.38)mmol/L、低密度脂蛋白(2.56±0.59)mmol/L、胰岛素抵抗指数(2.81±0.46)低于对照组,胰岛素功能指数高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。心肺功能指标变化显示,干预后LCD组肺活量指数明显提高,收缩压与舒张压明显降低,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对超重女大学生实施为期12周的低热量饮食结合HIIT方案,能显著改善体成分、糖脂代谢及心肺功能。
Objective To explore the effects of a low-calorie diet combined with high-intensity interval training(HIIT)on body composition,glucose-lipid metabolism and cardiopulmonary function among female college students with overweight,and to provide a basis for developing more effective weight loss and health improvement strategies.Methods Eighty-five female overweight college students were recruited.With a random number table method,they were randomly divided into the low-calorie diet(LCD)group(n=43)and the control group(n=42).The diets for both groups were customized by a clinical nutritionist,with the LCD group receiving a daily caloric intake of 1,000-1,200 kCal and the control group receiving 1,400-1,800 kCal per day.On the basis of controlled diets,both groups underwent HIIT three times a week for an intervention duration of 12 weeks.We detected and compared the changes in body composition(including weight,body mass index,total body fat percentage,muscle mass,upper body fat,lower body fat and total body water),glycolipid metabolism(including glycated hemoglobin,fasting blood glucose,2-hour postprandial blood glucose,insulin resistance index,insulin function index,total cholesterol,triacylglycerol,low-density lipoprotein cholestrol and high-density lipoprotein cholestrol)and cardiopulmonary function(heart rate,vital capacity index,systolic and diastolic blood pressures)before and after the intervention between the two groups.Results Before the intervention,there were no statistically significant differences in the indicators related to body composition,glycolipid metabolism and cardiopulmonary function between the two groups(P>0.05).After the intervention,changes in body composition indicators revealed that the LCD group showed significantly decreases in weight(62.15±5.22)kg,body mass index(24.51±2.35)kg/m2,total body fat percentage(30.65±3.41%),upper body fat(2.33±0.42)kg and lower body fat(3.01±0.99)kg compared with the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).After the intervention,changes in glycolipid metabolism indicators displayed that the LCD group had lower levels of glycated hemoglobin(6.43±0.73%),fasting blood glucose(6.32±1.04)mmol/L,2-hour postprandial blood glucose(9.03±1.21)mmol/L,total cholesterol(4.21±0.67)mmol/L,triacylglycerol(1.46±0.38)mmol/L,low-density lipoprotein cholestrol(2.56±0.59)mmol/L,and a lower insulin resistance index(2.81±0.46)than the control group,but had a higher insulin function index compared with the control group,with all differences being statistically significant(P<0.05).After the intervention,cardiopulmonary function indicators of the LCD group showed that the vital capacity index significantly increased,while the systolic and diastolic blood pressures significantly decreased,with statistically significant differences compared with the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Implementing a 12-week intervention involving a low-calorie diet combined with HIIT for the female overweight college students can significantly improve their body composition,glycolipid metabolism and cardiopulmonary function.
作者
刘娟
吕文娟
刘福定
LIU Juan;LYU Wenjuan;LIU Fuding(Huangshi Central Hospital,the Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University,Huangshi,Hubei 435000,China)
出处
《实用预防医学》
2025年第4期448-452,共5页
Practical Preventive Medicine
关键词
低热量饮食
高强度间歇训练
超重
内脏脂肪
糖脂代谢
心肺功能
low-calorie diet
high-intensity interval training
overweight
visceral fat
glycolipid metabolism
cardiopulmonary function
