摘要
受今、古文经学的影响,汉初名士贾谊的形象在遭际、政术、学术和才识等四个方面体现出了多样性。就遭际而言,司马迁认为贾谊是不得其时的悲剧文人,班固以为贾谊是得遇型士人,东汉末年的部分士人强调贾谊的不遇遭际;就政术而言,司马迁认为贾谊的政术较为粗疏,刘向以为贾谊的政术通达国体,班固主张贾谊的政术优劣参半,王充则强调贾谊“汉为土德”的政术十分高超;就学术而言,司马迁认为贾谊的学术博通多元,刘歆认为贾谊的学术纯属儒家,班固主张贾谊的学术以儒为主;就才识而言,司马迁认为贾谊才识出众,扬雄强调贾谊虽富于文采但不具备政教意识,桓谭以为贾谊与生俱来的超绝文学天赋因“左迁”而触发,班固在肯定贾谊才识出众的基础上,又突显了其雅正平实的气质。与此同时,在“温柔敦厚”诗教观的影响下,汉代士人将贾谊当作寄寓不得志情感的载体,使得贾谊形象逐渐成为不得志的象征。
Influenced by the distinct thoughts in contemporary and ancient classical studies,the image of Jia Yi,a renowned scholar in the early Han Dynasty,manifests diversity in four aspects:personal experiences,political strategies,academic achievements,and talents.Regarding personal experiences,Sima Qian viewed Jia Yi as a tragic figure who was not in the right place at the right time,while Ban Gu regarded him as a fortunate scholar.Some scholars in the late Eastern Han Dynasty emphasized Jia Yi’s unfortunate circumstances.In terms of political strategies,Sima Qian believed that Jia Yi’s political strategies were somewhat rudimentary,whereas Liu Xiang thought that his strategies were insightful regarding the nation’s conditions.Ban Gu argued that Jia Yi’s political strategies had both advantages and weaknesses,while Wang Chong emphasized the sophistication of his political strategies,particularly his advocacy for the“Han being of the Earthly Virtue”.Academically,Sima Qian regarded Jia Yi as broadly knowledgeable and diverse in his scholarship,while Liu Xin saw him as purely Confucian.Ban Gu maintained that Jia Yi’s academic pursuits were primarily Confucian.In terms of talents,Sima Qian recognized Jia Yi’s extraordinary abilities,while Yang Xiong noted that although Jia Yi was rich in literary talent,he lacked political and educational awareness.Huan Tan believed that Jia Yi’s innate literary genius was triggered by his“demotion”.Ban Gu,acknowledged Jia Yi’s outstanding talents while highlighting his elegant,upright,and unpretentious character.Meanwhile,under the influence of the poetic teaching perspective of“gentleness and sincerity”,Han scholars regarded Jia Yi as a vessel for expressing unfulfilled aspirations,gradually transforming his image into a symbol of unachieved ambition.
作者
杨延平
YANG Yanping(School of Literature,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China)
出处
《唐都学刊》
2025年第1期55-63,共9页
Tangdu Journal
基金
2023年度教育部人文社会科学研究规划青年基金:“汉碑所引五经及相关今古文问题综合研究”(23YJC751009)成果
关键词
贾谊
经学
形象
塑造
演变
Jia Yi
classical studies
image
construction
evolution
