摘要
目的了解云南省沧源佤族自治县(沧源县)边境地区小型兽类(小兽)及寄生蚤的物种构成和数量分布情况,为媒介生物传染病监测和防控提供数据支持。方法在沧源县3个边境乡镇的居民区、农耕区和林区采用笼夜法和夹线法调查小兽,收集小兽体表寄生蚤,计算小兽种类构成比、捕获率、染蚤率、蚤指数及物种多样性指标,统计分析小兽及其体表寄生蚤的群落结构和分布格局。率的比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果共捕获小兽290只,隶属于3目5科12属15种,黄胸鼠(44.83%)、黑缘齿鼠(18.97%)为优势种。居民区、农耕区、林区捕获率分别为2.59%、9.91%、9.36%,不同生境捕获率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=82.122,P<0.001)。小兽捕获率在海拔梯度第Ⅰ带(500~<1000 m)、第Ⅱ带(1000~<1500 m)、第Ⅲ带(1500~2000 m)分别为5.54%、7.87%、5.36%,不同海拔梯度带捕获率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.160,P=0.006)。小兽体表共捡获寄生蚤114匹,隶属于4科7属8种,平均蚤指数为0.39,方叶栉眼蚤(28.07%)、印鼠客蚤(26.32%)、偏远古蚤(20.18%)为优势种。居民区、农耕区、林区染蚤率分别为41.30%、10.00%、11.94%,不同生境染蚤率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=26.688,P<0.001)。小兽的物种丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度指数均为林区>农耕区>居民区,优势度指数则相反。林区与农耕区小兽群落相似性系数较高(0.75)。寄生蚤丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数均随着海拔的升高而增加。居民区和农耕区小兽寄生蚤群落相似性系数较高(0.83)。结论云南省沧源县边境地区家鼠鼠疫主要宿主和媒介蚤分布广泛,部分地区小型兽类捕获率及其体表蚤指数较高,建议持续开展相关监测和及时采取预防性控制措施(灭鼠、灭蚤),以降低鼠源疾病风险。
Objective To investigate the species composition and population distribution of small mammals and parasitic fleas in the border areas of Cangyuan Wa Autonomous County(Cangyuan County),Yunnan Province,China,so as to provide data support for the surveillance,prevention,and control of vector-borne infectious diseases.Methods The cage night method and the clamp line method were used to investigate small mammals in the residential,agricultural,and forest areas of three border towns in Cangyuan County.Parasitic fleas on the bodies of small mammals were collected for the investigation of composition ratio of small mammals,capture rate,flea infection rate,flea index,and species diversity indicators.The community structures and distribution patterns of small mammals and parasitic fleas were analyzed.A comparison of rates was performed using the Chi-square test.Results A total of 290 small mammals were captured,belonging to 15 species of 12 genera of 5 families of 3 orders,with Rattus tanezumi(44.83%)and R.andamanensis(18.97%)as the dominant species.The capture rates in residential,agricultural,and forest areas were 2.59%,9.91%,and 9.36%,respectively.The differences in capture rates among different habitats were statistically significant(χ^(2)=82.122,P<0.001).The capture rates of small mammals in altitude zoneⅠ(500-<1000 m),zoneⅡ(1000-<1500 m),and zoneⅢ(1500-2000 m)were 5.54%,7.87%,and 5.36%,respectively.The differences in capture rates among altitude zones were statistically significant(χ^(2)=10.160,P<0.006).A total of 114 parasitic fleas were collected,belonging to 8 species of 7 genera of 4 families.The average flea index were 0.39.Ctenophthalmus quadratus(28.07%),Xenopsylla cheopis(26.32%),and Palaeopsylla remota(20.18%)were the dominant flea species.The flea infection rates in residential,agricultural,and forest areas were 41.30%,10.00%,and 11.94%,respectively.The differences in flea infection rates among different habitats were statistically significant(χ^(2)=26.688,P<0.001).The species richness index,diversity index,and evenness index of small mammals were all in the order of forest area>agricultural area>residential area,while the dominance index showed the opposite order.The similarity coefficient of small mammal communities was relatively high between forest and agricultural areas(0.75).The richness index,diversity index,and evenness index of parasitic fleas all increased with increasing altitude.The similarity coefficient of small mammal parasitic flea communities was relatively high between residential and agricultural areas(0.83).Conclusions The main hosts and vector fleas of commensal rodent plague are widely distributed in the border areas of Cangyuan County,Yunnan Province.The capture rate of small mammals and their body flea index are high in some areas.It is recommended to carry out continuous monitoring and promptly implement preventive control measures(e.g.,rodent and flea control)to reduce the risk of rodent-borne diseases.
作者
詹泽敏
邵宗体
段兴德
李玉琼
吴鹤松
曹荣季
番仁华
李思雨
田光强
张艳
陈军
ZHAN Ze-min;SHAO Zong-ti;DUAN Xing-de;LI Yu-qiong;WU He-song;CAO Rong-ji;FAN Ren-hua;LI Si-yu;TIAN Guang-qiang;ZHANG Yan;CHEN Jun(School of Public Health,Dali University,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China;Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention/Yunnan Plague Prevention and Control Research Center/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Focal Disease Prevention and Control Technology,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China;Cangyuan Wa Autonomous County Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Cangyuan,Yunnan 677400,China)
出处
《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》
2025年第2期207-214,共8页
Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control
基金
云南省基础研究计划面上项目(2019FB104)
国家自然科学基金(U2202216)。
关键词
小型兽类
寄生蚤
群落结构
分布格局
沧源县
Small mammal
Parasitic flea
Community structure
Distribution pattern
Cangyuan County
