摘要
在乳制品的生产、加工、储存和运输过程中,存在两类蛋白酶:一类是乳制品自身的内源性蛋白酶,另一类则是由于微生物污染而产生的外源性蛋白酶。这些蛋白酶不仅会引发乳制品品质劣变等一系列问题,致使产品的货架期大幅缩减、口感风味严重受损,还额外增加了乳品企业在生产及加工流程中的成本投入,压缩了企业的利润空间,制约着行业经济效益的提升。研究发现,嗜冷菌所分泌的耐热蛋白酶,是影响乳制品品质安全的核心要素之一。在乳制品加工、储运这一动态且复杂的过程里,针对耐热蛋白酶活性展开实时、精准的定量监测,依旧是乳制品行业面临的主要技术壁垒与难点。全面梳理了乳制品中耐热蛋白酶的相关知识体系,深入剖析了其主要来源,分析了其特殊的耐热机制以及水解蛋白质的作用模式,阐明其在乳制品环境下独特的生物学活性表现。同时,分析了传统经典检测方法在乳制品内、外源性蛋白酶检测中的技术优势以及现存局限,进而梳理了肽组学法、生物传感器等新兴检测策略。这些新兴检测方法因其独特的技术原理与检测模式,在耐热蛋白酶实时监测领域具有良好的应用前景,有望突破现有的样品复杂基质干扰、检测灵敏度与特异性难以平衡、实时性要求高等技术瓶颈。
In the production,processing,storage and transport of dairy products,there are two types of proteases,the endogenous proteases of dairy products and the exogenous proteases produced by microbial contamination.These proteases not only cause a number of problems,such as the deterioration of dairy product quality,resulting in a significant reduction in the shelf life of the product and serious damage to taste and flavour,but also add to the cost of dairy companies in the production and processing process,compressing profit margins,limiting the economic efficiency of the industry.Research has shown that the heat-resistant protease secreted by cold-loving bacteria is one of the key elements affecting the quality and safety of dairy products.In the dynamic and complex process of dairy processing,storage and transport,real-time and accurate quantitative monitoring of thermoprotease activity remains a major technical barrier and challenge for the dairy industry.The existing knowledge on heat-resistance proteases in dairy products was comprehensively reviewed,its primary sources,specific heat-resistance mechanisms,and protein hydrolysis patterns were analyzed,while its distinctive biological functions within dairy environments were elucidated.At the same time,the technical advantages and limitations of traditional classical assays for monitoring endogenous and exogenous proteases in dairy products were analyzed,and emerging detection strategies such as peptidomics and biosensors were reviewed.Due to their unique technical principles and detection modes,these emerging detection methods have good application prospects in the field of real-time monitoring of heat-resistance proteases and are expected to overcome existing technological bottlenecks such as interference from complex matrix in samples,difficulty in balancing detection sensitivity and specificity,and high demand for real-time performance.
作者
陈刚
周芳芳
申玉敏
李世腾
段宏
郑玲燕
CHEN Gang;ZHOU Fangfang;SHEN Yumin;LI Shiteng;DUAN Hong;ZHENG Lingyan(School of Food and Health,Beijing Technology and Business University,Beijing 100048,China;Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health,Ministry of Education,Beijing Technology and Business University,Beijing 100048,China)
出处
《食品科学技术学报》
北大核心
2025年第3期1-13,共13页
Journal of Food Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(32230083,32302235)。
关键词
乳制品
嗜冷菌
耐热蛋白酶
品质劣变
检测方法
dairy products
psychrophilic bacteria
heat-resistance proteases
quality deterioration
detection methods
