摘要
齿轮箱是地铁车辆关键的传动部件,其润滑状态受到多种因素影响,包括齿轮的转速、润滑油的黏度、润滑油容量以及齿轮的转动方向。由于齿轮箱结构复杂,直接分析其润滑状态比较困难,为了深入探究齿轮箱内部的流场分布和润滑状态,需对其进行模拟仿真。首先,采用STAR-CCM+流体仿真软件构建了地铁齿轮箱的模型,并使用VOF方法对齿轮箱和轴承的内部流场进行模拟;其次,分析了不同工况对齿轮箱内润滑油分布的影响以及对齿轮啮合处润滑油的质量流量、齿轮的搅油力矩和轴承稳态供油量的影响;最后,对导油装置的结构进行了优化。研究结果表明:随着齿轮转速的增加,齿轮啮合处的流量以及轴承的稳态供油量先增加后趋于平稳,当前工况下,当转速达到3 600 r/min时趋于平稳,搅油力矩持续增大;随着润滑油黏度的增加,齿轮啮合处的流量和轴承的稳态供油量降低;随着润滑油容量的增加,齿轮啮合处的流量以及轴承的稳态供油量增大,搅油力矩增大;正转时齿轮啮合区域的质量流量较小,齿轮的润滑状态较差,而轴承的稳态供油量较大,润滑状态较好,反转时则反之;通过优化导油结构,齿轮正转和反转时轴承的稳态供油量均增大,反转时主动齿轮处轴承的油相体积平均值增大31%,从动齿轮处轴承的油相体积平均值增大20%,表明优化措施可以有效提高轴承的润滑效果。
Gearbox is the key transmission component of a metro vehicle.The lubrication state of the gearbox is affected by a variety of factors,including speed,oil viscosity,lubricant volume,and the rotational direction of the gears.Due to the complex structure of the gearbox,it is difficult to directly analyze its lubrication state.Thus,CFD simulation was carried out to analyze the flow field and lubrication state inside the gearbox.First,the model of a subway gearbox was constructed by using STAR-CCM+fluid simulation software,and the internal flow field of the gearbox and bearing was simulated.Then,the influence of different working conditions on the oil distribution,including gear meshing and bearing oil supply were analyzed.Finally,the structure of the oil guide device was optimized.With increasing speed,the flow rate at the gear meshing and the steady-state oil supply of the bearing increase,and tend to be stable as the speed reaches 3600 r/min,and the agitation torque increases.As the oil viscosity increases,the flow rate at the gear meshing and the steady-state oil supply to the bearing decreases.Under larger lubricant volume,the flow rate at the gear meshing and the steady-state oil supply of the bearing increase,and the agitation torque increases.As the gear rotates clockwise,the flow rate in the gear meshing area is smaller comparing to that in the counterclockwise rotation.This can result in a poor lubrication state for the gears.While the steady-state oil supply of the bearing is larger comparing to counterclockwise rotation,leading to better bearing lubrication.Optimization of the oil guidance device leads to an increase of the steady-state oil supply of the bearing at both rotating directions.The average oil phase volume of the bearings at the drive gear is increased by 31%,and that at the driven gear is increased by 20%during counterclockwise rotation,which indicates that the optimization measures can effectively improve the lubrication of the bearings.
作者
王志坚
郭力维
周朝晖
呙如兵
朱琳琳
WANG Zhijian;GUO Liwei;ZHOU Chaohui;GUO Rubing;ZHU Linlin(Changzhou University School of Mechanical and Rail Transit,Changzhou 213164,China;CRRC Qishuyan Institute Co.,Ltd.,Changzhou 213011,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;Shanghai Bearing Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201800,China)
出处
《铁道科学与工程学报》
北大核心
2025年第5期2268-2279,共12页
Journal of Railway Science and Engineering
基金
国家重点研发项目(2021YFB3400703-05)。
关键词
地铁齿轮箱
计算流体力学(CFD)
稳态供油量
优化措施
导油装置
metro gearbox
computational fluid dynamics(CFD)
steady-state oil supply
optimization measures
oil guide device
