摘要
地铁与地面公交是城市多模式公共交通系统的重要组成部分,明晰地铁车站的公交接驳功能特征、探究不同功能类型车站的公交接驳比例影响因素及其作用程度,对促进二者的协同优化具有重要意义。基于地铁车站的公交接驳客流数据及多源空间数据,首先,以地铁站点主要服务的接驳距离刻画接驳功能特征,提出以此特征聚类的地铁车站接驳功能类型辨识方法;其次,从公交接驳设施、地铁网络特征、区域布局特征和用地功能特征4个方面选取接驳比例影响因素指标,构建多尺度地理加权回归模型(multi-scale geographically weighted regression model,MGWR),揭示各影响因素对不同接驳功能类型、空间位置地铁车站接驳比例的作用程度。以北京市地铁网络为例,针对早高峰期间的公交换地铁接驳方式,将地铁车站公交接驳功能类型辨识为“商住短途集中型”“功能区近途均衡型”和“枢纽长途主导型”3类,分类型探索接驳比例影响因素的差异化作用,其中公交接驳设施因素的作用效果显著,并进一步针对“枢纽长途主导型”车站的“长里程公交线路数量”“公交线路顺直性”变量分析其空间异质性影响。针对车站类型的不同,提出可分别采取增加短途灵活线路、优化公交线路停靠和增加公交大站快车等措施;针对“枢纽长途主导型”车站空间位置的不同,提出市区车站适合布设走向顺直的公交线路,而郊区车站公交线路宜与功能区规划相符等策略,以提升地铁车站的公交接驳吸引力。研究结果可以为北京市优化接驳地铁的公交设施配置提供辅助参考,推进公共交通协同发展。
Metro and ground buses are important components of urban multi-mode public transport systems.Clarifying the functional characteristics of bus transfer at metro stations is essential.It's also crucial to explore the factors and their magnitude that impact bus transfer ratio on stations with different functions.This analysis can help promote the synergistic optimization of both metro and bus services.Based on bus transfer passenger flow data at metro stations and multi-source spatial data,the primary transfer distance of the service at metro stations was first used to identify the transfer function.A method for identifying the type of transfer function at metro stations was proposed by clustering the function feature.Second,the factors impacting the transfer ratio were identified from four areas,which were ground bus transfer facilities,metro network characteristics,regional layout characteristics,and land use function characteristics.An MGWR model was constructed to analyze how each factor impacts the bus transfer ratio on metro stations,considering different transfer functions and spatial locations.Taking Beijing’s metro network as an example,bus-to-metro transfer for the morning rush hour,the types of metro station bus transfer functions were identified as‘commercial and residential short-distance concentrated type’,‘functional area near-distance balanced type’and‘hub long-distance dominated type’.The differential impacts of factors on transfer ratio were explored by type,with ground bus transfer facilities showing significant effects.Additionally,the spatial heterogeneity effects were analyzed for the variables‘number of longmileage bus routes’and‘bus route straightness’specifically for‘hub long-distance dominated type’stations.Considering the different types of stations,the following measures were recommended:increasing the number of short-mileage flexible routes,optimizing bus route stops,and enhancing the availability of express buses.Regarding the distinct spatial locations of‘hub long-distance dominated type’stations,it is advised that downtown stations benefit from bus routes with straight alignments,whereas suburban stations should align their bus lines with the functional area planning.These strategies are proposed to enhance the attractiveness of bus transfers at metro stations.The results of the study can provide an auxiliary reference for Beijing to optimize the configuration of bus transfer facilities to the metro and promote the synergistic development of public transport.
作者
张逸菲
李海鹰
蒋熙
许心越
王云姣
ZHANG Yifei;LI Haiying;JIANG Xi;XU Xinyue;WANG Yunjiao(School of Traffic and Transportation,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)
出处
《铁道科学与工程学报》
北大核心
2025年第5期2040-2052,共13页
Journal of Railway Science and Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFC3005204)。
关键词
城市公共交通
接驳比例
接驳功能类型
多尺度地理加权回归
空间异质性
urban public transport
transfer ratio
transfer function types
multi-scale geographically weighted regression
spatial heterogeneity
