摘要
列车速度的大幅提升加剧了车-隧耦合气动效应,高速磁浮隧道洞口产生的微气压波强度大幅增大,产生“声爆”现象。因此,当列车速度达到600 km/h及以上时,如何有效降低微气压波成为空气动力学研究人员面临的挑战。开展时速600 km高速磁浮列车通过隧道时产生的微气压波缓解方法研究,在提出的新型渐变开孔-断面扩大型缓冲结构基础上,采用k-ε双方程湍流模型、三维可压缩非定常N-S方程和滑移网格技术,对高速磁浮列车以时速600 km通过2 km的单线隧道进行数值仿真。结合网格无关性以及数值仿真验证,分析4种不同开孔率渐变开孔缓冲结构下初始压缩波的基本特征以及出口处微气压波的变化规律。研究结果表明:当列车驶入渐变开孔-断面扩大型缓冲结构时,由于缓冲结构内部压力大于外部,在压力差的作用下,气流通过透孔流向外部,气流外泄导致在端口处产生的微气压波强度减弱。当渐变开孔-断面扩大型缓冲结构的开孔率分别为7.5%、17.5%和27.5%时,相较于隧道两端口为传统断面扩大型无开孔缓冲结构,隧道出口20 m处的微气压波幅值依次为203.9、148.1和138.0 Pa,分别减缓了51.8%、65.0%和67.4%。随着渐变开孔-断面扩大型缓冲结构开孔率的增加,对于微气压波的缓解效果不断增强,27.5%开孔率下的缓解效果最佳。研究成果可为时速600 km及以上高速磁浮隧道洞口缓冲结构设计提供技术支撑。
The significant increase in train speed contributes to stronger vehicle/tunnel coupling aerodynamic effect,resulting in a significant increase in the intensity of micro-pressure waves emitted at high-speed maglev tunnel exit.The micro-pressure waves lead to the phenomenon of sound explosion.Therefore,when the train speed reaches 600 km/h and above,how to effectively reduce micro-pressure waves becomes a challenge for aerodynamic researchers.This study conducted research on the mitigation method of micro-pressure waves generated by high-speed maglev trains passing through tunnels at a speed of 600 km/h.On the basis of the proposed novel vented tunnel hood with decreasing open ratio,in this paper,a k-εtwo-equation turbulence model,three-dimensional,compressible,unsteady N-S equations and the sliding mesh technique were used to numerically simulate a high-speed maglev train passing through a 2 km single-track tunnel at a speed of 600 km/h.Combined with the grid-independence study and numerical validation,the basic characteristics of the initial compression wave and the variation rule of the micro-pressure waves under four different open ratios of the new tunnel hoods were analyzed.The results of the study show that when the train head reaches the tunnel hood,the airflow flows towards outside of the hood through vents due to the bounded effect of hood wall without vents,leading to the energy dissipation of the micro-pressure wave and weakens its intensity.When the open ratio of the new tunnel hood is 7.5%,17.5%,and 27.5%,respectively,compared with the enlarged cross-section tunnel hood without vents,the amplitude of the micro-pressure waves at 20 m from the tunnel exit is 203.9 Pa,148.1 Pa,and 138.0 Pa in order,the corresponding MPW peaks can be reduced by 51.8%,65.0%,and 67.4%.As the opening ratio of the vented and enlarged cross-section hood with the decreasing open ratio increases,the mitigation effect on the micro-pressure wave continues to increase.Best mitigation appears at 27.5%open ratio.The research results of this paper can provide technical support for the design of the tunnel hood of high-speed maglev train tunnels at a speed of 600 km/h and above.
作者
张洁
郭秉筠
王崟宇
余越
许澳
韩帅
ZHANG Jie;GUO Bingjun;WANG Yinyu;YU Yue;XU Ao;HAN Shuai(Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education,School of Traffic&Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;State Key Laboratory of Heavy-duty and Express High-Power Electric Locomotive,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)
出处
《铁道科学与工程学报》
北大核心
2025年第5期1912-1922,共11页
Journal of Railway Science and Engineering
基金
湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2024JJ5430)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52372370)
湖南省芙蓉计划湖湘青年英才项目(2023RC3061)。
关键词
开孔率
渐变开孔-断面扩大型缓冲结构
初始压缩波
磁浮列车
微气压波
open ratio
vented and enlarged cross-section tunnel hood
initial compression wave
maglev train
micro-pressure wave
