摘要
目的 探讨儿童语言相关的发育性疾病的语言发育特征及影响因素,为疾病早期诊治提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2019年6月至2023年12月于四川省妇幼保健院就诊的870例儿童病例资料,其中孤独症谱系障碍组(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)411例、全面发育迟缓组(global development delay,GDD)310例、语言发育迟缓组(language development delay,LDD)149例,比较3组儿童的发育情况。结果 ASD组在大运动、精细运动、适应行为、语言和个人-社交等5个能区的发育商均显著低于GDD组和LDD组;GDD组五大能区的发育商也显著低于LDD组(P<0.05)。3组社会适应能力分度的构成比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ASD组适应性能区的迟缓率显著高于GDD组(70.31%vs.59.36%),ASD组和GDD组大运动发育迟缓率(37.47%、31.94%)显著低于其他能区(P<0.01),个人-社交发育迟缓率(84.91%、87.10%)显著高于其他能区(P<0.01)。三组语言能区发育商分度的构成比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中ASD组语言发育迟缓程度较其他两组更严重(P<0.05)。语言发育商与非言语能区发育商呈正相关,其中语言能区与个人-社交能区呈强正相关(r=0.630,P<0.001),与社会适应能力呈负相关(r=-0.491,P<0.001)。结论 ASD、GDD和LDD儿童均存在各个能区发展不均衡,LDD所有能区发育商优于ASD组和GDD组,ASD儿童语言发育迟缓较LDD和GDD更严重,GDD与ASD儿童大运动发育水平优于其他发育能区。此外语言发育与非语言能区存在较高的相关。
Objective To explore the language development characteristics and influencing factors of developmental disorders related to language in children,in order to provide a basis for early diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 870 children who visited the Sichuan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital from June 2019 to December 2023.The children were divided into three groups:autism spectrum disorder(ASD)group(411 cases),global development delay(GDD)group(310 cases),and language development delay(LDD)group(149 cases).The developmental status of the three groups was compared.Results The ASD group had significantly lower developmental quotients(DQs)in gross motor,fine motor,adaptive behavior,language,and personal-social areas compared to the GDD and LDD groups.The GDD group also showed significantly lower DQs in the five domains compared to the LDD group(P<0.05).The composition ratio of social adaptability levels in the three groups showed significant differences(P<0.05).The delayed rate in adaptive behavior was significantly higher in the ASD group than in the GDD group(70.31%vs.59.36%).The delayed rate in gross motor development in the ASD and GDD groups(37.47%,31.94%)was significantly lower than in other areas(P<0.01),while the delay rate in personal-social development(84.91%,87.10%)was significantly higher than in other areas(P<0.01).The composition ratio of developmental quotients in the language domain also showed significant differences among the three groups(P<0.05),with the ASD group having more severe language development delays compared to the other two groups(P<0.05).Language DQ was positively correlated with the DQs of non-verbal domains,with a strong positive correlation between language DQ and personal-social domain(r=0.630,P<0.001),and a negative correlation with social adaptability(r=-0.491,P<0.001).Conclusion Children with ASD,GDD,and LDD all show imbalanced development across various domains.The LDD group performs better in all developmental domains compared to the ASD and GDD groups.Children with ASD have more severe language delays compared to those with LDD and GDD.Additionally,GDD and ASD children show better gross motor development compared to other developmental domains.Furthermore,language development is highly correlated with non-language domains.
作者
冉域辰
聂晶
李婷婷
卓必娟
吴晓玲
RAN Yu-chen;NIE Jing;LI Ting-ting;ZHUO Bi-juan;WU Xiao-ling(Department of Children′s Health,Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Hospital,Chengdu 610045,Sichuan,China)
出处
《广东医学》
2025年第4期582-586,共5页
Guangdong Medical Journal
基金
成都市医学科研项目(2021079)。
关键词
孤独症谱系障碍
全面发育迟缓
语言发育迟缓
发育商
语言
autism spectrum disorder
global developmental delay
language development delay
development quotient
language
