摘要
借助胡塞尔发生现象学的思路与方法,“德性建构说”可以找到继续向前发展的契机:通过先验还原,可以为德性发生找到其最终基底即基于身体感受的感性经验;基于感性经验的德性是鲜活的但却是动物性的,它在理性化、结构化的过程中会生长出属人专有的道德感;被理性结构化后的德性仍然是孤独自我的品质,在主体间对话的过程中伦理意识得以发生,人获得了伦理共性;当下构造的伦理共识会在内时间意识中不断积淀,形成人的人伦习性。至此,感性与理性、自我与他者、当下与历史的对立得到了很好的弥合,一个更加完善的德性建构说架构便初步形成。借此对“人何以有德”这一问题再行审视,可以发现德性发生是意义体验与伦理观念双向建构的过程,同时也是个体德性与伦理世界双向建构的过程。厘清德性的发生过程可以为道德教育实践提供有益的指导。
By means of Husserl's ideas and methods of genetic phenomenology,"virtue constructive theory"can find an opportunity for further development.Through the transcendental reduction,it has found the ultimate foundation for the generation of virtue,which is the perceptual experience based on bodily sensations;virtue based on emotional experience is vivid but animalistic,and it grows a unique sense of morality that belongs to humans during the process of rationalization and structuration;the virtue structured by reason remains the quality of a lonely self,and in the process of inter-subjective dialogue,ethical consciousness can occur and people gain ethical commonality;the currently constructed ethical consensus will continue to accumulate in inner time-consciousness,forming human ethical habits.Hereto,the oppositions between sensibility and rationality,self and others,and present and history have been well bridged,and a more comprehensive framework for the constructive theory of virtue has been preliminarily formed.Through further examination of the question of"why people can acquire virtue",it can be found that the generation of virtue is a bilateral constructive process of meaning experience and ethical conceptions,as well as a bilateral constructive process of an individual's virtue and ethical world.Clarifying the process of the generation of virtue can provide beneficial guidance for moral education practice.
作者
李占彪
李艺
LI Zhanbiao;LI Yi(Adolescent Education and Intelligence Support Lab,Nanjing Normal University;Institute of Moral Education,Nanjing Normal University;School of Education Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097)
出处
《教育研究与实验》
北大核心
2025年第3期44-53,共10页
Educational Research and Experiment
基金
国家社会科学基金2023年度教育学青年项目“意义世界视域的新时代儿童美好心灵培育研究”(CEA230294)的研究成果。
关键词
德性发生
意义发生
伦理发生
发生现象学
道德教育
generation of virtue
generation of meaning
generation of ethic
genetic phenomenology
moral education
