摘要
降低全社会物流成本是提升国民经济循环整体效益和效率的重要手段,要求从制度层面破除物流领域制度性壁垒,从技术层面提升物流数字化智能化水平,从产业层面促进物流与相关产业深度融合。然而,从制度层面看,我国物流要素市场发育滞后,市场化改革深度不够,多部门监管导致管理效率低下,政策协同性不足,税收与收费体系复杂,这些制度性壁垒推高物流领域交易成本。从技术层面看,我国物流信息化发展不均衡,数字基础设施建设存在短板,智能仓储与自动化物流技术应用受限,规模化推广难度较大,数据治理与隐私保护体系尚未完善,信息共享机制有待优化,导致技术赋能不足,制约物流效率提升。从产业层面看,我国物流产业链整合度不高,供应链协同能力不足,区域物流发展不均衡,城乡物流体系建设不足,物流企业规模小,行业集中度低,竞争格局分散,产业布局与物流网络存在脱节。因此,为系统降低全社会物流成本,要以推动区域协同、降低隐形壁垒、健全物流领域标准和规则为重点,降低物流领域制度性成本;以加快物流信息平台建设、大力发展智慧物流为重点,提升物流业信息化智能化水平,提高物流效率;以引导供应链融合、优化物流和产业功能区布局为重点,推动物流与相关产业融合发展,降低物流综合性成本。
Reducing the logistics costs of the whole society is an important means to improve the overall benefit and efficiency of the national economic cycle.At the institutional level,it is necessary to break down institutional barriers in the logistics sector;at the technological level,it is necessary to improve the digital and intelligent level of logistics;and at the industrial level,it is necessary to promote the deep integration of logistics and related industries.However,from an institutional perspective,China's logistics factor market has such institutional barriers as lagged behind development,insufficient depth in market-oriented reforms,low administrative efficiency brought by multi-department regulation,inadequate policy coordination,and complex tax and fee systems;and these barriers have drive up transaction costs in the logistics sector.From a technological perspective,the imbalanced development of logistics informatization,shortcomings in digital infrastructure construction,the limited application of intelligent warehousing and automated logistics technologies,the challenges in large-scale promotion,the not perfect data governance and privacy protection systems,and the not optimized information sharing mechanism lead to insufficient technological empowerment,which restricting the improvement of logistics efficiency.And from an industrial perspective,there are still some problems,such as the low degree of integration of China's logistics industry chain,the insufficient supply chain collaboration capabilities,the imbalanced regional logistics development,the inadequate urban-rural logistics system construction,the small scale of logistics enterprises,the low industry concentration,the fragmented competitive landscape,and the disconnection between industrial layout and logistics networks.Therefore,to systematically reduce logistics costs in the whole society,efforts should focus on,first,reducing institutional costs in logistics by promoting regional coordination,lowering hidden barriers,and improving standards and regulations in the logistics sector;second,enhancing the informatization and intelligence of logistics and improving logistic efficiency by accelerating the construction of logistics information platforms and vigorously developing smart logistics;and third,promoting integrated development of logistics and related industries and reducing comprehensive logistics costs by guiding supply chain integration and optimizing the layout of logistics and industrial functional zones.
作者
庄甲坤
ZHUANG Jia-kun(Institute of Economic System and Management,National Development and Reform Commission,Beijing 100035,China)
出处
《中国流通经济》
北大核心
2025年第6期58-68,共11页
China Business and Market
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“农村集体经济高质量发展的机制创新和实现路径研究”(24CKS093)。
