摘要
目的:分析不同比例桑枝屑基质栽培鲜香菇的营养及氨基酸组成差异。方法:香菇“808”为供试菌株,以不同桑枝屑比例(0%~40%)替代杂木屑组分进行熟料代栽,测定第一潮产出子实体水分、粗蛋白、粗纤维、灰分、粗多糖、粗脂肪、氨基酸组成,分析呈味氨基酸,并计算必需氨基酸比值(RAA)、必需氨基酸比值系数(RC)和必需氨基酸比值系数分(SRC)等,基于主成分分析探讨不同比例桑枝屑栽培香菇的氨基酸特点,综合评价香菇营养差异。结果:受试香菇含16种氨基酸,包括人体必需7种氨基酸,总氨基酸(TAA)含量2.100~2.664 g/100 g,TIAA/TNIAA值分布范围48.34%~54.64%。TIAA/TAA分布范围32.57~35.33。主成分分析提取了4个主成分,累计方差贡献率为84.302%。40%桑枝屑基质栽培香菇的氨基酸得分最高。必需氨基酸含量接近WHO/FAO模式,其中苏氨酸(Thr)、赖氨酸(Lys)含量丰富,第一限制氨基酸为蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸(Met+Cys)。SRC值63.10~79.98,采用40%桑枝屑基质栽培香菇蛋白营养价值最高。鲜香菇中粗蛋白含量3.02~3.76 g/100 g、粗纤维含量1.03~1.10 g/100 g、灰分含量0.72~0.88 g/100 g、粗多糖含量0.88~1.02 g/100 g、粗脂肪含量0.35~0.45 g/100 g,表明香菇属于高蛋白、低脂肪、低纤维,营养丰富的菌类。结论:综合分析认为,采用30%~40%的桑枝屑基质替代杂木屑栽培香菇具有较高蛋白营养价值,为开发利用桑栽香菇、科学膳食搭配提供了科学依据。
【Objective】To analyze nutrient and amino acid composition of fresh Lentinus edodes cultured in different proportions of mulberry sawdust substrate.【Method】Lentinus edeinus"808"was used as the test strain.Different proportions of mulberry sawdust substrate(0%~40%)were used for clinker planting of Lentinus edeinus.The composition of water,crude protein,crude fiber,ash,crude polysaccharide,crude fat,and amino acids in the fruiting bodies of the first harvest was determined.The RAA,RC,and SRC were calculated.Based on principal component analysis,amino acid characteristics of Lentinus edodes cultivated with different proportions of mulberry cuttings were studied,and nutritional differences of Lentinus edodes were comprehensively evaluated.【Result】The tested mushroom contained 16 kinds of amino acids,including 7 kinds of essential amino acids,the total amino acid content ranged from 2.100 g/100 g to 2.664 g/100 g,and the TIAA/TNIAA value ranged from 48.34%to 54.64%.TIAA/TAA ranged from 32.57 to 35.33.Four principal components were extracted from principal component analysis,and the cumulative variance contribution was 84.302%.The amino acid score of Lentinus edodes cultured in a substrate of 40%mulberry sawdust was the highest.Essential amino acid content was close to the WHO/FAO model,and Thr and Lys content was abundant.The first limiting amino acid is the total amount of Met and Cys.The SRC values ranged from 63.10 to 79.98,and the nutritional value of the fungal protein grown in a substrate of 40%mulberry sawdust was the highest.Therefore,it was concluded that a substrate containing 30%to 40%mulberry substrate instead of wood waste has higher protein nutritional value for growing Lentinus edodes.The content of crude protein 3.02 g/100 g to 3.76 g/100 g,coarse fibre 1.03 g/100 g to 1.10 g/100 g,ash 0.72 g/100 g to 0.88 g/100 g.crude polysaccharides 0.88 g/100 g to 1.02 g/100 g,crude fat 0.35 g/100 g to 0.45 g/100 g,proves that Lentinus edodes has high protein content,low fat,low fibre and rich in nutrients.【Conclusion】The cultivation of Lentinus edodes with 30%to 40%mulberry sawdust substrate has higher nutrition.It provides a theoretical basis for better development and use of the"mulberry mushroom"and scientific composition of the diet.
作者
叶雷
清源
吴建
张波
杨学圳
李小林
YE Lei;QIN Yuan;WU Jian;ZHANG Bo;YANG Xue-zhen;LI Xiao-lin(Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi,Chengdu 610066,China;Xichang University,Xichang 615013,China;Zhaojue Huizhen Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Xichang 61615,China;College of Resources,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China)
出处
《中国食物与营养》
2025年第5期45-52,共8页
Food and Nutrition in China
基金
凉山州农林废弃物栽培食用菌低碳化关键技术研究与推广应用(项目编号:22ZDYF0229)
四川食用菌创新团队项目(项目编号:SCCXTD-2024-07)。
关键词
桑枝屑
香菇
氨基酸
营养成分
mulberry sawdust substrate
Lentinus edodes
amino acid
nutritional component
