摘要
为探明种子大小对小麦种子萌发、幼苗根系性状、叶片生理特性和抗旱性的影响,以洛旱6号和洛旱22的大粒(>6目筛,粒径>3.35 mm)、中粒(6~8目筛,粒径2.36~3.35 mm)和小粒(<8目筛,粒径<2.36 mm)种子为材料,在室内设置干旱(20%PEG-6000模拟T)和正常供水对照(CK)2个条件,测定种子萌发特性以及处理后3、6、9 d的幼苗根系特性、抗氧化酶系统和渗透调节物质。结果表明,与小粒种子相比,干旱下洛旱22大粒种子发芽势和发芽率分别显著提高7.2%和12.4%,对照下洛旱6号分别显著提高42.0%和36.7%,但中粒种子无显著优势。与小粒种子相比,洛旱6号大粒种子干旱和对照下的幼苗根系活力在处理后3、6 d均提高,而洛旱22无显著差异。随种子粒径的增加,幼苗根长、根表面积、根体积、根尖数和分枝数均增加,且多达显著水平;幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、可溶性糖(SS)含量呈上升趋势,丙二醛(MDA)和游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量呈下降趋势。与小粒种子相比,干旱下洛旱22大粒种子的SOD活性显著提高,洛旱6号的SS含量显著提高;对照下洛旱6号的CAT活性显著提高,洛旱22的MDA和Pro含量均显著降低。与中、小粒种子相比,2个小麦品种的大粒种子的综合抗旱系数均有所提高。因此,大粒种子萌发特性、幼苗根系和叶片抗逆生理特性具有优势,但影响效应因干旱胁迫、品种和指标而异。筛选并种植大粒种子有利于提高旱地小麦种子发芽和幼苗发育指标。
In order to investigate the effects of seed sizes on seed germination,seedling root traits and leaf physiological characteristics and drought resistance of wheat,a hydroponic experiment was conducted.Large grain(>6-mesh sieve,particle size>3.35 mm),medium grain(6-8-mesh sieve,particle size 2.36-3.35 mm)and small grain(<8-mesh sieve,grain size<2.36mm)of Luohan 6 and Luohan 22 were selected and used as materials.Two water levels of 20%PEG-6000 simulated drought for T treatment and normal water supply for CK were conducted under hydroponic condition.The characteristics of seed germination,and the root characteristics,antioxidant enzyme system and osmotic regulation substances in seedlings at 3,6,and 9 days after treatments were determined.The results showed that the germination potential and germination rate of large seeds were significantly increased by 7.2%and 12.4%for Luohan 22 under T treatment,and 42.0%and 36.7%for Luohan 6 under CK,but there was no significant advantage in medium seeds compared with small seeds.Compared with small seeds,the root activity of large seeds of Luohan 6 under drought and control all increased at three and six days after treatment,but there was no significant difference in Luohan 22.With the increase of seed size,the root length,root surface area,root volume,the number of root tips and branches increased significantly;and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)and the content of soluble sugar(SS)in seedling leaves showed an increasing trend,while the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)and free proline(Pro),showed a decreasing trend.Compared with small seeds,the SOD activity of large seeds under T treatment was significantly increased,the CAT activity under CK and the content of SS under T treatment was increased in Luohan 6,and the MDA and Pro contents of Luohan 22 under CK were all decreased;Compared with medium and small seeds,the comprehensive drought resistance coefficients of the two wheat varieties were all increased.Overall,large seeds have major advantages in terms of germination,seedling roots,and stress resistance;however,the impacts differed based on drought stress,variety,and measurement indexes.Screening and planting large-size seeds is beneficial for improving the germination of dryland wheat seeds and the indexes of seedling development.
作者
黄明
付鑫鑫
张振旺
张军
李友军
Huang Ming;Fu Xinxin;Zhang Zhenwang;Zhang Jun;Li Youjun(College of Agriculture,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471023,Henan,China;College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《作物杂志》
北大核心
2025年第3期255-262,共8页
Crops
基金
河南省特色骨干学科群建设项目(17100001)
国家级大学生创新训练计划项目(202210464063)。
关键词
小麦
种子大小
幼苗
根系
生理特性
抗旱性
Wheat
Seed size
Seedling
Root
Physiological characteristic
Drought resistance
