摘要
在中国经济迈向高质量发展的背景下,财政政策正经历从平衡财政向功能财政的深刻转型,其核心在于突破传统赤字约束、优化资源配置,并与“投资于人”战略形成协同效应,提升经济内生动力。本文系统探讨了财政理念转型的历史逻辑与现实动因,构建了“财政政策—人力资本—经济增长”三元协同分析模型,揭示了功能财政通过赤字率突破、支出结构优化及公共风险管理等三大创新路径,为“投资于人”战略提供制度保障与资金支持;“投资于人”战略通过财政资源随人口流动配置、支持发展型消费升级、应对老龄化与少子化背景下的教育资源优化,以及强化科技创新投入四个层次,全面提升人力资本质量与产业链韧性,促进形成“创新驱动产业升级消费增长”的良性循环。该过程中,地方隐性债务风险与财政货币政策协同不足是关键挑战,为此,本文提出构建“人口—财政”动态匹配机制、完善消费券与贴息政策、推进房地产税立法等政策建议,为中国经济高质量发展提供制度支撑。
Against the backdrop of China's transition to high-quality economic development,fiscal policy is undergoing a paradigm shift from a balanced fiscal framework to a functional fiscal regime.This transformation prioritizes transcending traditional deficit constraints,optimizing resource allocation efficiency,and fostering synergies with the"Human Capital Investment"strategy to amplify endogenous growth drivers.By systematically analyzing the historical rationale and contemporary imperatives of this fiscal philosophy transition,this study constructs a tripartite synergistic analytical framework encompassing fiscal policy-human capital-economic growth.It identifies three innovative trajectories of functional fiscal policy:strategic relaxation of deficit-to-GDP thresholds,expenditure structure optimization,and systemic public risk governance.These mechanisms collectively institutionalize fiscal safeguards and enhance funding efficacy for human capital development.Empirical findings demonstrate that the"Human Capital Investment"strategy elevates human capital quality and industrial chain resilience through four dimensions:dynamic fiscal resource reallocation aligned with demographic mobility,fostering developmental consumption upgrading,addressing aging demographics via optimized education-social security synergies,and scaling up R&D-intensive investments.These interventions catalyze a virtuous cycle of innovation-driven industrial upgrading-productivity-led consumption growth.Persistent challenges include latent local government implicit debt risks and suboptimal fiscal-monetary policy coordination.To mitigate these,the paper proposes a policy toolkit featuring:a demography-responsive fiscal allocation mechanism,refined consumption stimulus instruments,and accelerated property tax legislation.These measures aim to institutionalize cross-policy synergies and underpin China's high-quality development agenda.
出处
《财政科学》
2025年第3期17-33,共17页
Fiscal Science
关键词
功能财政
投资于人
高质量发展
人力资本
Functional Finance
Human Capital Investment
High-Quality Development
Human Capital
