摘要
本文结合广东梅州大埔县洲瑞镇气候特点,分析了枇杷高产栽培和采后保鲜技术。研究区具有四季温和、雨热共季、夏长冬短等特点,适宜枇杷种植。高产栽培技术包括选择土层深厚、土质疏松且排水良好的地块进行定植,定植时间宜在2月春梢萌发前、初夏或秋季;对幼树进行扩穴改土,进而实现土壤全面改良,合理配施复合肥和有机肥,适当控水,以保证充足的水分和营养成分均衡供应;幼树期适时施肥,以促进其生长,对结果树在冬春季进行修剪和疏果处理;在花果时期进行促花、疏花、疏果和套袋等措施;枇杷主要病虫害包括叶斑病、炭疽病、枇杷木虱和梨小食心虫等,遵循预防为主,防治结合,综合防治的原则,实施绿色防控技术。采后保鲜技术包括选择在晴天无露水的早晨、傍晚或阴天采收;采后挑出伤果、裂果和病虫果等不合规格果,进行分级包装和冷链运输;采用低温贮藏、1-甲基环丙烯处理和气调贮藏等方式进行贮藏保鲜,以维持枇杷果实的贮藏品质。未来应进一步拓展枇杷深加工产品研发,提高其附加值。本文为相关地区枇杷高产栽培和贮藏提供参考。
based on the climatic conditions of Zhou Rui Town,Dabu County,Meizhou City,Guangdong Province,high yield cultivation and postharvest preservation techniques for loquats were analyzed.The study area features a mild four-season climate with concurrent rainfall and heat,long summers,and short winters,making it highly suitable for cultivation.The high yield cultivation involves selecting deep,loose,well-drained soil for planting,with optimal timing in February(before spring bud emergence),early summer,or autumn.Key practices include pit expansion and soil improvement for young trees,balanced application of compound and organic fertilizers,controlled irrigation,timely fertilization to promote growth,and winter-spring pruning and fruit thinning for mature trees.During flowering and fruiting stages,measures such as flower stimulation,thinning,and fruit bagging are implemented.Major diseases and pests including leaf spot,anthracnose,loquat psyllid,and oriental fruit moth,are managed through preventive,integrated green control strategies.Postharvest protocols emphasize harvesting during dew-free mornings,evenings,or cloudy days,followed by rigorous sorting to remove damaged or diseased fruit before grading,packaging,and cold-chain transport.Preservation employs low-temperature storage,1-methylcyclopropene treatment,and controlled atmosphere storage to extend shelf life.The research and development of deep-processed loquat products should be further expanded to increase their added value.This article provides a reference for the high yield cultivation and storage of loquat in the relevant areas.
作者
张献英
李嘉斌
曾富兰
温翠平
刘道怀
卓翠娟
ZHANG Xianying;LI Jiabin;ZENG Fulan;WEN Cuiping;LIU Daohuai;ZHUO Cuijuan(Agriculture and Engineering College,Guangdong Meizhou Vocational and Technical College,Meizhou 514000,China;Meizhou Guancheng Ecological Agriculture Development Co.,Ltd.,Meizhou 514000,China;Meizhou Science and Technology Bureau,Meizhou 514000,China)
出处
《安徽农学通报》
2025年第9期46-50,共5页
Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
广东省科技创新战略专项市县科技创新支撑项目(2023A0304)。
关键词
枇杷
栽培技术
保鲜
贮藏
loquat
cultivation technique
retain freshness
storage
