摘要
为了掌握美国甜玉米产业结构、发展历程和主要经验,基于美国农业部官方数据、联合国商品贸易数据库和Flexport进出口数据,对美国2000—2023年近23年甜玉米产业的生产、消费及进出口情况进行分析。结果表明,美国甜玉米种植面积和产量逐步下降,种植区域趋向集中,加工产品产量占比波动上升,但生鲜甜玉米的价格大幅上涨,其产值远高于加工甜玉米的种植产值。美国虽然还是世界上最大的甜玉米出口国,但近几年出口量和出口额总体下降。从美国甜玉米产业的发展得出3点启示:一是生鲜市场仍将是未来甜玉米产业的重点,二是单产的提高与甜玉米产业发展息息相关,三是产业监测与统计是高质量发展的基础。建议中国重视发展甜玉米生鲜市场,加大鲜食玉米种业科研投入,开展鲜食玉米产业年度统计。可借助预制菜产业发展机遇,开发一些有特色的甜玉米加工产品,树立中国品牌,用质量和特色扩大国际市场份额。
To master the industrial structure,development history and major experiences of the sweet corn industry in the United States,an analysis of the production,consumption,import and export situations of the sweet corn industry in the United States from 2000 to 2023 over the past 23 years was carried out based on the official data from the United States Department of Agriculture,the United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database and the Import and Export Data of Flexport.The results indicated that the planting area and output of sweet corn in the United States had gradually decreased,the planting regions had tended to concentrate,the proportion of output of processed products had fluctuated and risen,but the price of fresh sweet corn had increased significantly,and its output value was much higher than that of sweet corn planted for processing.Although the United States remained the largest exporter of sweet corn in the world,the export volume and value had generally decreased in recent years.Three inspirations could be derived from the development of the sweet corn industry in the United States:First,the fresh market would still be the key point of the sweet corn industry in the future.Second,the increase in per-unit yield was closely related to the development of the sweet corn industry.Third,industry monitoring and statistics were the basis for high-quality development.It was proposed that China attach great importance to the development of the fresh sweet corn market,increase scientific research investment in the fresh-eating corn seed industry,and carry out annual statistics on the fresh-eating corn industry.By taking advantage of the development opportunities of the pre-made dish industry,some distinctive processed sweet corn products could be developed,and Chinese brands could be established to expand the international market share with quality and characteristics.
作者
甘阳英
谢茹
张玲云
刘晓静
GAN Yang-ying;XIE Ru;ZHANG Ling-yun;LIU Xiao-jing(Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou 510640,China)
出处
《湖北农业科学》
2024年第S1期247-251,共5页
Hubei Agricultural Sciences
基金
广东省农业科学院“金颖之星”人才项目(R2023PY-JX021)
关键词
甜玉米
鲜食玉米
产业发展
启示
美国
中国
sweet corn
fresh-eating corn
industrial development
inspiration
the United States
China
