摘要
在“双碳”目标下,以欧盟为代表的发达经济体频频借助各类贸易协定工具,将自身环保监管纪律、标准和规则强行塞入其自由贸易协定中,并将这些纪律、标准和规则作为缔约对方获准进入欧盟市场的资格要求。这主要表现在:第一,要求缔约对方参加、有效实施多边环境协定,监督其履约情况以增强偏软法的国际义务的约束力;第二,要求缔约对方不得减损既有保护水平,履行棘轮条款义务,甚至提出要同步跟进欧盟不断推高的环境保护水平(动态对齐);第三,设置政府间协调与合作、民间参与、争端解决机制等绵密的程序性规范,以保障自由贸易协定环境条款的实施。欧盟环境条款的域外效力扩张对发展中国家构成一种新型隐蔽的贸易壁垒,对此,我们有必要客观辩证地检视欧盟这套新贸易规则并采取有效的因应之策。
Under the“dual-carbon”goal,the developed economies represented by the EU fre-quently use various trade agreement tools to force their own environmental regulatory disciplines,standards and rules into many of their FTAs as a qualification for the other Contracting Party to be allowed to enter the EU market.This is mainly manifested in the following aspects:first,the con-tracting parties are required to participate in and effectively implement multilateral environmental agreements,and supervise the implementation of multilateral environmental agreements so as to en-hance the binding force of soft international obligations;The second is to require the other contracting party not to derogate from the existing level of protection,to fulfill the ratchet obligation,and even to synchronously follow up the EU’s continuously increased level of environmental protection(dynamic alignment);The third is to set up dense procedural norms such as intergovernmental coor-dination and cooperation mechanism,civil participation mechanism and peculiar dispute settlement mechanism to ensure the implementation of FTAs environmental provisions.The extraterritorial expansion of the EU’s environmental provisions constitutes a new type of hidden trade barrier for the developing countries that will limit their trade policy spaces.In view of this,it is necessary for us to objectively and dialectically examine the new trade rules of the EU and take effective countermea-sures.
出处
《武大国际法评论》
2025年第1期119-138,共20页
Wuhan University International Law Review
关键词
自由贸易协定
“双碳”目标
环境规范
欧盟环境条款
free trade agreement
“dual-carbon”goal
environmental norms
EU environ-mental provisions
