摘要
目的以江苏省0~3岁家庭托育服务需求调研数据为基础,分析隔代照护现状和对托育服务的需求及其影响因素,并提出相关对策建议。方法2021年5—9月,采用分层随机抽样方法,对江苏省13个市3个乡镇(街道)符合条件的850名0~3岁婴幼儿隔代照护者开展问卷调查,了解隔代照护现状、托育需求及其影响因素。结果850名隔代照护者中,有托育服务需求的达535人(62.94%),无托育需求315人(37.06%)。照护者中祖母参与比例最高,占比为47.53%;照护者年龄段集中在50~<60岁,占比为72.94%;地区分布在苏北地区较多,占比为59.41%;居住区域在市、县、乡分布均衡,占比分别为32.35%、29.29%、38.35%;居住地点大部分为户籍所在县(市、区),占比为91.06%;受教育水平普遍较低,以初中及以下和高中/中专为主,占比为80.71%;身体状况普遍良好,占比为61.88%;每天陪伴婴幼儿的时间>6 h的占比为43.06%;隔代照护者职业中无业人员较少,占比为11.65%;一孩家庭最多,占比为71.29%,二孩、三孩家庭占比分别为26.82%、1.88%;被调查家庭的家庭结构主要为主干家庭(三代同堂,占比为54.12%)和核心家庭(二代同堂,占比为42.12%),联合家庭、单亲家庭和隔代家庭类型较少;婴幼儿月龄30~36个月最多,占比为30.47%;每年给予0~3岁婴幼儿家庭经济补助占比为39.76%,接受经济补助占比为28.35%。有托育需求与无托育需求居住区域、祖辈职业、婴幼儿最小月龄比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);有托育需求与无托育需求照护者、照护者年龄、地区分布、居住地点、祖辈受教育水平、祖辈身体状况、陪伴0~3岁婴幼儿时间、家庭婴幼儿人数、婴幼儿家庭结构、每年给予或接受0~3岁婴幼儿家庭的经济补助比较差异无统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,地区分布、居住区域、隔代照护者职业、婴幼儿月龄及经济补助是影响隔代照护者对婴幼儿托育服务需求的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论江苏省隔代照护者参与婴幼儿家庭照护比例高,需顺应婴幼儿发展特点,精准制定家庭照护和经济补助支持政策,保障隔代照护应有权益,注重城乡、地区之间托育服务的差异化供给,建设高质量普惠托育服务体系,促进人口长期均衡发展。
Objective To analyze the current situation and service demand of intergenerational care and its influencing factors,based on the survey data of the needs for child care services among 0-3 years old families in Jiangsu Province,and to put forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions.Methods From May to September 2021,a stratified random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 850 eligible intergenerational caregivers of infants and young children aged 0-3 years old from 3 townships(subdistricts)of 13 cities in Jiangsu Province,to understand the current situation of intergenerational care,the demand for childcare and its influencing factors.Results There were 535 people(62.94%)who needed childcare services,and 315 people(37.06%)who did not.Among the caregivers,grandmother had the highest participation rate,accounting for 47.53%;the age group of caregivers was mainly 50-<60 years old,accounting for 72.94%;most of them were in northern Jiangsu,accounting for 59.41%;the residential areas were evenly distributed in cities,counties and townships,accounting for 32.35%,29.29%and 38.35%,respectively;most of the residents were in the county(city or district)where the household registration was located,accounting for 91.06%;the education level is generally low,mainly junior high school or below and senior high school/secondary school,accounting for 80.71%;the physical condition was generally good,accounting for 61.88%;the proportion of children who accompanied infants for>6 h everyday was accounting for 43.06%;the number of unemployed people in the ancestral occupation was less,accounting for 11.65%;families with one child accounted for 71.29%,while families with two and three children accounted for 26.82%and 1.88%respectively;the family structure of the surveyed families was mainly the main family(three generations living under the same roof,accounting for 54.12%)and the nuclear family(two generations living under the same roof,accounting for 42.12%),and the types of joint families,single parent families and intergenerational families were less;the most infants were 30-36 months,accounting for 30.47%;the proportion of family economic subsidies to grandchildren is accounting for 39.76%,and the proportion of receiving economic subsidies is accounting for 28.35%.There were significant differences in residential area,grandparent occupation,and the minimum age of infants between those with and without demand for infant care service(P<0.05);there were no statistically significant differences in caregivers,age of caregivers,regional distribution,place of residence,grandparents'education level,grandparents'physical condition,time spent with 0-3 years old infants,number of infants in the family,family structure of infants,and annual economic subsidies given or received by families with 0-3 years old infants between those with and without demand for infant care service.Results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that regional distribution,living area,ancestral occupation,infant age and economic subsidy were the influencing factors of demand for infant care service of the intergenetional care givers(P<0.05).Conclusion It is necessary to adapt to the characteristics of infant development,accurately formulate family care,financial assistance support,refine multi-dimensional supporting policies according to local conditions,build a high-quality inclusive childcare service system.
作者
刘艳
杨春
王圆媛
程雁
LIU Yan;YANG Chun;WANG Yuanyuan;CHENG Yan(Jiangsu Health Development Research Center/National Health Commission Contraceptives Adverse Reaction Surveillance Center/Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory of Fertility Protection and Health Technology Assessment,Nanjing,Jiangsu,210036,China)
出处
《当代医学》
2025年第1期152-157,共6页
Contemporary Medicine
基金
江苏省科教能力提升工程(ZDXYS202210)
江苏省妇幼保健科研项目(F202223)
江苏省社科联2024年度社科学术社团和社会智库主题活动。
关键词
老年人
婴幼儿照护
托育需求
影响因素
Elderly people
Infants and young childcare
Demand for childcare
Influence factor
