非农就业、母亲照料与儿童健康--来自中国乡村的证据被引量：95

Non-farm Work,Maternal Care and Child Health:Evidence from Rural China

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摘要中国农村女性参与非农就业的比例显著提高,对于增进家庭收入、减少贫困起到了积极的作用。但从女性在家庭中的双重身份——挣取收入者和照看孩子的主要人员出发,其劳动模式和供给行为的改变对于下一代福利的影响和人力资本的积累所起到的作用却是不确定的。本文通过将农村地区妇女的劳动供给状况进行区分,就其劳动参与行为对孩童健康状况的影响进行了探讨。在控制其他因素的情况下,母亲额外单位的劳动时间的增加对孩子的健康状况具有显著的负向影响,且同样的母亲非农劳动时间的增加对于孩童健康的负面影响大于农业劳动时间增加的影响程度,而母亲收入增加对孩子健康状况具有显著的正向影响;边际效果分析表明母亲收入增加对孩子健康的正向影响难以抵销劳动时间增加所带来的负面效果。孩子性别不同所受到的影响亦不同,女童相对而言处于健康的劣势地位。虽然母亲的劳动供给有助于缩小孩子营养状况的性别差距,但却是以所有儿童的健康状况下降为代价的。研究结果预期具有较强的政策含义。 China＇s rural economy has undergone dramatic structural changes since the country embarked on the path of market reforms in the late 1970s. These changes have altered patterns of women＇s labor force participation, with consequences for children＇ s welfare. In this paper we examine the effects of maternal labor supply on children＇ s health in rural China. With data from the China Economic, Population, Nutrition, and Health Survey （ CHNS）, We find that that an increase of a mother＇ s working hours reduces her time available for children and consequently has a negative effect on child health, while the additional income it generated contributes to improving child＇s nutritional status. With the labor hour effect outweighing the income effect; maternal work overall shows a small negative effect on child health, and the effect is more pronounced for non-farm work than farm activities. These results suggest that economic structural changes have intensified the conflict of women＇ s dual roles as income earners and as caregivers.

作者刘靖

机构地区中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所博士生

出处《经济研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 2008年第9期136-149,共14页 Economic Research Journal

关键词劳动供给儿童健康 Labor Supply Child Health

分类号 F249.2 [经济管理—劳动经济]

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