摘要
陶瓷材料的摩擦学性能对陶瓷零部件长效、可靠服役至关重要。因此,有必要全面、深入理解陶瓷材料的摩擦磨损行为与机制,为设计优化陶瓷材料、提高陶瓷零部件服役性能提供理论基础。数值模拟方法在求解陶瓷摩擦学问题方面具有成本低、周期短、效率高等优点,已成为研究陶瓷摩擦磨损行为与机制的重要手段。然而,目前关于陶瓷摩擦磨损的数值模拟研究大多孤立分散,模拟方法尚缺少系统归纳和总结。本文将陶瓷摩擦磨损数值模拟分为有限元模拟、分子动力学模拟和离散元模拟3类,阐述了各类模拟方法的适用场景、研究现状和局限性,进而从多尺度、多场和多方法耦合以及人工智能辅助方面,提出了陶瓷摩擦磨损数值模拟的未来发展趋势。
[Significance] The tribological properties of ceramic materials are crucial for the long-term reliability of ceramic components.Understanding the friction and wear mechanisms of ceramics is essential for designing,optimizing,and improving the operating performance.Numerical simulation methods,because of their low cost and high efficiency,are valuable for analyzing tribological behavior.They allow for real-time analysis of stress,temperature,cracks,and molecular motion during friction and wear.These capabilities make numerical simulations a widely discussed approach in tribology research.However,most studies on the tribological behavior of ceramics using simulations remain fragmented and lack systematic induction and summary.[Progress]This paper categorizes numerical simulations of ceramic tribological behavior into three main methods:finite element method(FEM),molecular dynamics(MD),and discrete element method(DEM).The applicable scenarios,research status,and limitations of each method are reviewed.FEM uses mathematical approximations to solve differential equations,simulating real-world physical systems.Initially,it was applied to study elastic stress distribution on ceramic surfaces during friction,serving primarily as an experimental support tool.Over time,FEM has advanced to incorporate surface fracture analysis,thermomechanical coupling,and wear modeling.Recent developments allow FEM to investigate subsurface crack initiation,crack propagation,and temperature distribution at friction interfaces under high-stress conditions,such as those in ceramic cutting tools and machining.Furthermore,FEM-based wear models can quantitatively estimate the wear volume of ceramic surfaces;however,they are highly dependent on experimental data,limiting their general applicability.MD simulations,based on Newton's laws of motion,track the trajectories of atoms and molecules during ceramic friction and wear processes by modeling interatomic interactions.This method provides a detailed view of the microfriction and wear mechanisms in ceramics.However,current research is primarily focused on SiC ceramics,with limited research on other ceramics.DEM simulations model ceramics as a collection of discrete elements and predict their tribological behavior based on interactions between these elements.This approach overcomes the continuous medium assumption and provides insights into microcrack initiation and propagation during ceramic friction and wear.However,its application is limited,primarily focusing on ceramic cutting tools and grinding wheels.[Conclusions and Prospects]Numerical simulations are crucial for understanding the tribological behavior and mechanisms of ceramic materials and components.While its use is increasingly widespread,existing studies often focus on specific scales and boundary conditions,hindering a comprehensive understanding of the tribological mechanisms of ceramics.Moreover,a single numerical simulation method cannot completely account for the complex physical and chemical boundary conditions involved.Therefore,the development of multiscale,multifield simulation methods is essential.Additionally,tribological information methods based on machine learning and artificial intelligence can enhance data correlations,improve empirical parameter exploration,and accelerate numerical simulations with approximate calculations.Integrating these advanced techniques with traditional numerical methods can create more efficient and innovative computational tools for ceramic tribology.
作者
刘旻帑
雷磊
郑靖
赵仲航
曹钱
LIU Mintang;LEI Lei;ZHENG Jing;ZHAO Zhonghang;CAO Qian(Tribology Research Institute,School of Mechanical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)
出处
《清华大学学报(自然科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第2期233-248,共16页
Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52035001,5230521)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2682024CX084)。
关键词
陶瓷
摩擦磨损
数值模拟
有限元
分子动力学
离散元
ceramics
friction and wear
numerical simulation
finite element
molecular dynamics
discrete element
