摘要
张家山336号汉墓竹简《迁律》保留了丰富的汉初政区信息,是研究汉初政区地理的重要资料。通过对《迁律》第一条律文所见王国的分析,该条律文制定于文帝初年,律文行用年代下限为文帝二年二月,由此可推断《汉律十六章》的抄写年代下限在文帝二年。通过对照《迁律》与张家山247号汉墓竹简《秩律》中的政区建制,可以进一步明确《秩律》简443缺释“郫”;简453顶端残缺“临洮”;秦汉“氐道”属“边道”,在今甘肃省宕昌县;汉初无广汉郡;《秩律》二百八十余县道是汉朝直辖县道的完整记录。凭借《迁律》载录陇西郡、蜀郡“边县道”空间排列规律,可知战国秦汉之际的阳陵县属蜀郡,在今四川省青川县城区。西汉中期撤销阳陵县改置白水县。《迁律》“涪县氐部”为《汉书·地理志》刚氐道前身。刚氐道在今四川省江油市武都镇附近。秦汉管理蛮夷的机构“部”和“道”关系紧密,大约存在边县之部逐渐改制为道的趋势。
The"Statutes on Exile"(Qian lü迁律)discovered in the Han tomb M336 at Zhangjiashan provides invaluable information about administrative divisions in the early Han Dynasty,serving as a crucial source for studying the administrative geography in this period.Through analysis of the kingdoms mentioned in its first article,this study demonstrates that the article was established during the early reign of Emperor Wen and enacted no later than the second Lunar Month of his second regnal year.This also indicates that The Sixteen Han Statutes(Han lüshiliu zhang汉律十六章)must have been transcribed by that same year.A comparative analysis of the"Statutes on Exile"and the"Statutes on Salaries"(Zhi lü秩律)from the bamboo slips from Zhangjiashan Han tomb M247reveals several key findings:slip 443 misses the transcription for pi郫;the fragmentary text at the top of Slip no.453 in the"Statutes on Salaries"can be reconstructed as lintao临洮;the Di Circuit氐道was classified as a"border circuit"(bian dao边道)during the Qin and Han dynasties and was situated in present-day Dangchang County石昌县,Gansu Province甘肃省;the Guang'han Commandery广汉郡had not yet been established in the early Han period;and the list of over 280counties and circuits in the"Statutes on Salaries"represents a complete record of administrative units under direct Han imperial control.The spatial arrangement of"border counties and circuits"in the Longxi and Shu commanderies,as recorded in the"Statutes on Exile,"indicates that Yangling County阳陵县-from the late Warring States period through the early Han-was under the jurisdiction of Shu Commandery蜀郡and was located in what is now the urban district of Qingchuan County青川县,Sichuan Province四川省.During the middle Western Han period,Yangling County was abolished and replaced by Baishui County白水县.Additionally,the"Di Part of Fu County"涪县氐部recorded in the"Statutes on Exile"was the predecessor of the Gangdi Circuit刚氐道later documented in the"Geography Treatise"("Dili zhi"地理志)of the Book of Han(Han shu汉书),situated near present-day Wudu Town武都镇in Jiangyou City江油市,Sichuan Province四川省.The research also reveals a close relationship between the administrative apparatus of"part"(bu部)and"circuit"(dao道)-both institutions for managing non-Han peoples during the Qin and Han dynasties-suggesting a gradual evolution from border county"parts"to"circuits."
出处
《出土文献》
2025年第1期102-116,171,172,共17页
Excavated Documents
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“出土简牍文献与秦汉县邑定位研究”(22BZS013)阶段性成果。
关键词
张家山336号汉墓竹简《迁律》
阳陵县
白水县
涪县氐部
刚氐道
Zhangjiashan M336 Han Bamboo Slips“Statutes on Exile”
Yangling County
Baishui County
Di Part of Fu County
Gangdi Circuit
