摘要
重大风险认定采用动态体系论,有助于破解多重利益衡量难题、实现重大风险事实认定向法律认定的顺利转化、克服传统“要件——效果”模式弊端。可尝试以行为是否获得许可或者违反法律法规禁止性规定、被保护对象的特殊性、损害结果发生的可能性、损害后果的严重性四个要素构建重大风险认定动态体系。若行为是否获得许可或者违反法律法规禁止性规定这一要素具有较高充足度,则能够径行给出重大风险存在与否的认定。被保护对象的特殊性可从公众环境健康保障、生物多样性保护两个维度展开,聚焦该要素进行诸要素协动关系论证时,对该要素是否具有较高充足度可以在所不问。损害结果发生可能性与损害后果严重性两个要素之间的协动具有补强效应,能够促使特定法律效果出现。重大风险认定采用动态体系论存在要素限定性与非限定性冲突、基础评价和原则性示范匮乏等不足。在类型化生态环境损害基础上,应分别积累环境污染型重大风险认定案例群、生态破坏型重大风险认定案例群,析出各自原则性示例,为裁判者提供“共认的价值标准”。
The adoption of dynamic system theory in the determination of the major risk is helpful to solving the difficult problem of balancing multiple interests,realizing the smooth transformation from the fact finding of the major risk to its legal determination,and overcoming the drawbacks of the traditional model of"elements-effects".The dynamic system of major risk determination can be constructed by four elements:whether the behavior is approved or violates the prohibitive provisions of laws and regulations,the particularity of the protected object,the possibility of the damage as a result,and the severity of such damage.If the element of whether the behavior is approved or violates the prohibitive provisions of laws and regulations has a high degree of adequacy,it is able to directly determine whether a major risk exists or not.The particularity of the protected object can be analyzed from two dimensions of public environmental health protection and biodiversity protection,and whether the element has a high degree of adequacy can be ignored when the focus is put on such element to carry out the argumentation of coordinated relationship among elements.The coordination between the possibility of damage as a result and the severity of such damage has a reinforcement effect,which can promote the emergence of specific legal effect.The use of the dynamic system theory in the determination of the major risk has some shortcomings,such as the conflict between limited and nonlimited elements,the lack of basic evaluation and principled demonstration.On the basis of the typology of ecological and environmental damage,it is necessary to accumulate groups of cases of major risk determination concerning environmental pollution and ecological damage,and then extract their own principled examples to provide a"commonly recognized value standard"for adjudicators.
出处
《政治与法律》
北大核心
2025年第3期95-109,共15页
Political Science and Law
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“横向生态补偿协议的制度逻辑及法治化路径研究”(项目编号:23BFX191)的研究成果。
关键词
生态环境损害
重大风险
动态体系论
要素
Damage to Ecological Environment
Major Risks
Dynamic System Theory
Element.
