摘要
清代清水江流域林业贸易发达,带动人工营林行业的兴起,发展出独具特色的佃种制度。林木生长周期漫长,整个佃种过程分为两个阶段--“抚育成林”阶段及“成林管理”阶段。参与佃种的主体双方--地主与栽手在此期间呈现出多种不同的民事关系:委托关系、包租制租佃关系、合作型共业关系。除此,双方之间的权利义务分配合理、身份地位平等,这些无不体现了传统中国民事活动中尊重当事人意思自治、崇尚平等公正的先进私法理念。
The forestry trade was flourishing in the Qingshui River region during the Qing Dynasty,which drives the rise of planting woods and develops a unique tenancy system.The growth cycle of woods is long,thus the entire tenancy process is divided into two stages:“nurturing to maturity”and“mature forest management”.The two parties,landowner and planter are involved.They exhibit agency relationships,rental tenancy relationships,co-ownership relationships,and investment partnerships.In addition,the rational distribution of rights and obligations between the two parties,as well as the flexibility and compatibility of their identity transformations,reflect the advanced private law concepts of respecting the autonomy and advocating equality and fairness in traditional Chinese civil activities.
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“新见清代民国山西典商书信整理与典当业研究”(项目编号:19YJCZH182)的阶段性成果。
关键词
清水江
人工营林
共业关系
栽手股
Qingshui River
planting woods
tenancy
share of planting
