摘要
世贸组织《补贴协定》规制跨国补贴的范围和深度均非常有限。从适用范围上看,《补贴协定》仅适用于货物领域的跨国补贴;从规制深度上看,《补贴协定》核心纪律原则上不适用于跨国补贴(出口补贴和进口替代补贴除外),非核心纪律则缺乏对跨国补贴的规制。由于涉及向境外财政资助或利益接受者提供补贴并且往往涉及间接提供,《补贴协定》专向性和利益规则适用于跨国补贴面临较大的挑战。为了有效规制跨国补贴与反补贴,有必要基于跨国补贴的特点修改和完善《补贴协定》,包括放宽《补贴协定》第2.1条施加的地域限制、针对跨国补贴调整利益认定与计算规则、构建跨国禁止性补贴与跨国可诉补贴纪律等。
the scope and depth of transnational subsidies regulated by Agree-ment on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures(SCM Agreement)are very limited.In terms of the applicable scope,SCM Agreement only applies to the transnational subsidies in the field of goods;in terms of the depth of regulation,the core disci-plines of SCM Agreement,in principle,do not apply to the transnational subsidies(excluding export subsidies and import substitution subsidies),and the non-core disci-plines fail to regulate transnational subsidies.The application of the rules of speci-ficity and benefit of SCM Agreement to transnational subsidies faces greater chal-lenges because the subsidies are often indirectly provided or provided to overseas re-cipients of financial contribution or benefit.In order to effectively regulate transna-tional subsidies and countervailing measures,it is necessary to amend and improve SCM Agreement based on the characteristics of transnational subsidies,including re-laxing the geographical restrictions imposed by Article 2.1 of SCM Agreement,pru-dently adding the types of prohibited transnational subsidies and actionable transna-tional subsidies,and adjusting the rules for identifying and calculating benefits of transnational subsidies.
出处
《武大国际法评论》
CSSCI
2024年第6期111-130,共20页
Wuhan University International Law Review
基金
2022年国家社科基金一般项目“跨国补贴的法律规制与中国应对研究”(22BFX106)成果。
关键词
补贴协定
跨国补贴
专向性认定
利益认定与计算
SCM Agreement
transnational subsidies
identification of specificity
identification and calculation of benefits
